汉语线状量词“条”“根”和泰语“เล่ม”“เส้น”的语义对比分析

The Semantic Comparison and Analysis of Chinese Linear Classifiers “tiáo”, “gēn” and Thai Classifiers “เล่ม”, “เส้น”

摘要: 本文主要是对“条”“根”เส้น”和“เล่ม”进行语义对比分析。先分析汉语线状量词“条”“根”和泰语线状量词“เส้น”“เล่ม”的语义，后通过列表格和语素分析的方法对这四个词进行对比分析。通过语义对比分析，可知汉语量词“条”“根”与泰语量词“เล่ม”“เส้น”在计量长形物体时存在显著差异，“条”强调延伸性，可修饰柔性物体、生命体及抽象概念；“根”侧重硬性特征，用于硬物和带根物。泰语“เล่ม”专用于刚性尖利物，不用于生命体和抽象物；“เส้น”则修饰柔性长形物。汉语量词适用范围更广，而泰语量词分类更严格，这种差异源于两民族对物体的不同认知方式，对语言教学具有重要启示。笔者希望本文能够让泰国学习者和教师更加清楚地了解汉泰线状量词的异同，为泰国学习者和教师提供一些帮助。

Abstract: This paper focuses on a semantic comparison and analysis of the Chinese linear classifiers “条” (tiáo) and “根” (gēn) and the Thai classifiers “เส้น” (sên) and “เล่ม” (lêm). It first analyzes the semantics of the Chinese linear classifiers “条” and “根” and the Thai classifiers “เส้น” and “เล่ม”, then conducts a comparative analysis of the four classifiers through tables and morpheme analysis. The semantic comparison reveals notable differences in how Chinese and Thai classifiers quantify long-shaped objects. The Chinese classifier “条” emphasizes extensibility and can modify flexible objects, living beings, and abstract concepts. In contrast, “根” focuses on rigidity and is used for hard objects and items with roots. The Thai classifier “เล่ม” is specific to rigid, pointed objects and is not used for living beings or abstract entities, while “เส้น” modifies flexible, elongated objects. Chinese classifiers generally have broader applications, while Thai classifiers exhibit more rigid categorization. This difference reflects distinct cognitive approaches to object classification between the two cultures and offers valuable insights for language instruction. The author hopes this study will help Thai learners and teachers gain a clearer understanding of the similarities and differences between Chinese and Thai linear classifiers and provide useful guidance for teaching and learning.