影视片名翻译中的词汇构建研究

Study on Lexical Construction in Film Title Translation

摘要: 本文以影视片名的跨文化翻译为研究对象，通过功能对等理论与目的论，浅析新媒体时代下影视翻译在文化传播中的作用。通过分析藏汉影视片名的翻译案例，提出了词汇构建的五大原则：语义透明性、精准性、简洁性、生动性及礼貌性，并且强调文化适应性在翻译中的关键作用。最后总结出音译、直译、意译、增译与减译等策略的优势与劣势，音译虽保留文化的异质性但容易导致语义模糊，使得观众理解出现偏误；直译形式忠实却会造成文化误解；意译增强可读性却可能弱化原片所要体现的特征；增译与减译需平衡信息完整性与简洁性。研究表明，影视片名翻译需在“形式忠实”与“文化适应”间寻求动态平衡，通过副标题、文化脚注等辅助手段弥补跨文化差异，最终实现“各美其美，美美与共”的目标。本文为影视翻译实践提供了理论参考，并呼吁译者重视文化本真与受众接受的双向协调。

Abstract: This article takes the cross-cultural translation of film and television titles as the research object, and analyzes the role of film and television translation in cultural dissemination in the new media era through the theory of functional equivalence and teleology. By analyzing translation cases of Tibetan Chinese film and television titles, five principles for vocabulary construction are proposed: semantic transparency, precision, conciseness, vividness, and politeness, emphasizing the key role of cultural adaptability in translation. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of strategies such as transliteration, literal translation, free translation, addition and subtraction of translation are summarized. Although transliteration preserves cultural heterogeneity, it can easily lead to semantic ambiguity, resulting in misunderstandings for the audience; Literal translation may be faithful but can lead to cultural misunderstandings; Free translation enhances readability but may weaken the features that the original film aims to convey; The addition and subtraction of translations need to balance information completeness and conciseness. Research has shown that the translation of film and television titles needs to seek a dynamic balance between “formal fidelity” and “cultural adaptation”, and compensate for cross-cultural differences through auxiliary means such as subtitles and cultural footnotes, ultimately achieving the goal of "each beauty is its own, and beauty is shared”. This article provides theoretical reference for the practice of film and television translation, and calls on translators to pay attention to the two-way coordination between cultural authenticity and audience acceptance.