话语标记“你看他/她”的语用功能及其形成机制

Pragmatic Functions and Formation Mechanisms of the Discourse Marker “Ni Kan Ta”

摘要: 学界对“你看”类话语标记的研究多聚焦于“你看你”“你看我”等结构，而对“你看他/她”的独立语用功能关注不足。本文通过梳理语料库及真实对话语料，区分话语标记“你看他/她”与“你看” + 第三方小句的不同结构，系统分析其评价功能及形成机制。研究发现，“你看他/她”具备独立的话语标记特性，可分为直接负面评价(嗔怪、抱怨、责备)与正面赞誉(含隐性对比)两大功能。该话语标记的形成机制包括重新分析引发的句法边界模糊化、主观化驱动的语义虚化(“看”从视觉动作转为认知情态)及交互主观化促成的评价立场编码。

Abstract: Existing studies on the discourse marker “ni kan” in Chinese linguistics have predominantly focused on structures like “ni kan ni” and “ni kan wo”, with insufficient attention to the independent pragmatic functions of “ni kan ta”. By analyzing corpus data and authentic conversational materials, this paper distinguishes the discourse marker “ni kan ta” from the structure “ni kan” + third-person clauses and systematically investigates its evaluative functions and formative mechanisms. The study reveals that “ni kan ta” possesses distinctive discourse marker attributes, which are categorized into two primary functions: direct negative evaluation (including reproach, complaint, and blame) and positive appraisal (featuring implicit comparison). The formation of this discourse marker is attributed to three mechanisms: reanalysis-induced syntactic boundary ambiguity, subjectification-driven semantic bleaching (where “kan” shifts from a visual action to a cognitive modality marker), and intersubjectivity-facilitated encoding of evaluative stances.