疼痛信念与情绪调节对经期疼痛情绪反应的作用机制综述

A Review of the Mechanisms of Pain Beliefs and Emotion Regulation on Emotional Responses to Menstrual Pain

摘要: 原发性痛经作为青春期至育龄期女性中最常见的妇科问题，不仅引发显著的躯体不适，还常伴随强烈的情绪困扰，如焦虑、抑郁与易激惹等负性情绪状态。尽管已有研究在生理机制和药物干预方面取得进展，但对痛经相关情绪反应的心理机制探索仍显薄弱。本文基于认知行为理论(CBT)，综合分析疼痛相关信念(如疼痛灾难化、恐惧回避、自我效能感)与情绪调节策略(如认知重评、正念、反刍、压抑)在经期疼痛情境中的作用机制，提出一个“经期疼痛–信念–情绪–策略”的动态交互模型。通过文献综述与路径推演，本文强调疼痛信念的认知中介功能与情绪调节策略的调节作用，揭示了经期疼痛下情绪困扰的形成机制。该模型不仅拓展了CBT理论在周期性疼痛领域的应用边界，也为制定针对性的心理干预策略提供了理论依据与实践指导。

Abstract: Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most prevalent gynecological issues among adolescent and reproductive-aged women, often accompanied not only by physical discomfort but also by significant emotional distress, including anxiety, depression, and irritability. While prior research has made substantial progress in understanding the physiological mechanisms (e.g., prostaglandin activity) and pharmacological interventions for menstrual pain, the underlying psychological processes contributing to affective responses remain insufficiently explored. Drawing on cognitive-behavioral theory (CBT), this review synthesizes current findings on the roles of pain-related beliefs, such as pain catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, and pain self-efficacy, and emotion regulation strategies, including cognitive reappraisal, mindfulness, rumination, and suppression, in the context of menstrual pain. We propose a dynamic interaction model of “menstrual pain - beliefs - emotion - regulation”, emphasizing the mediating role of pain cognitions and the moderating function of regulatory strategies in shaping emotional outcomes. This framework not only extends the application of CBT to recurrent pain experiences but also provides theoretical and practical guidance for the development of targeted psychological interventions to improve women’s emotional well-being during menstruation.