个体自由的哲学探究：功利主义与生命哲学的对话

Philosophical Exploration of Individual Freedom: A Dialogue between Utilitarianism and Life Philosophy

摘要: 个体自由作为现代社会的核心价值之一，其哲学意涵与实现路径一直是哲学与伦理学探讨的热点。个体自由在马克思看来是历史的、社会的，同时也是实践的和创造性的，是通过人的理性活动实现自我价值和社会发展的过程。功利主义强调个体行为对于整体幸福最大化的贡献，更多地从行为结果对社会福祉的影响来评价个体自由的合理性。生命哲学则侧重于个体存在的内在价值和自我实现的重要性，其主张个体自由是实现人的潜能和追求美好生活的基础。本文旨在探讨个体自由在功利主义与生命哲学两大理论中的矛盾性与统一性，利用个体自由的不同诠释进行个体自由与社会福祉的协调同构。在个体自由与社会福祉之间寻求平衡，对促进当代青年的个人全面发展及社会健全发展具有不可或缺的重要意义。

Abstract: Individual freedom, as one of the core values of modern society, has long been a focal point of philosophical and ethical inquiry regarding its philosophical implications and pathways to realization. From Marx’s perspective, individual freedom is a historical, social, practical, and creative process through which human rational activity achieves self-realization and societal development. Utilitarianism emphasizes the contribution of individual actions to the maximization of collective happiness, evaluating the rationality of individual freedom primarily based on the outcomes of actions for social well-being. In contrast, life philosophy focuses on the intrinsic value of individual existence and the significance of self-realization, positing that individual freedom serves as the foundation for fulfilling human potential and pursuing a good life. This paper aims to explore the contradictions and common ground in the interpretations of individual freedom within utilitarianism and life philosophy, leveraging their distinct perspectives to reconcile individual freedom with social well-being. Striking a balance between individual freedom and social welfare is essential for promoting the comprehensive development of contemporary youth and the healthy progress of society.