浅析王阳明“知行思想”对个人修养的影响

Analysing the Influence of Wang Yangming’s “Knowledge and Action Thought” on Personal Cultivation

摘要: 知行问题作为中国哲学史上的核心命题，其理论内涵呈现动态演变的特征。王阳明的知行思想植根于孔孟心性论传统，并通过对北宋二程、朱熹理学的批判性继承，建构起独具特色的心学体系。与宋明诸儒相似，王阳明在学术理路上承继了儒家“内圣外王”的终极关怀，其理论旨归聚焦于主体德性的内在超越。本文拟从道德修养论视角，对阳明知行观进行系统阐释。研究框架包含四个维度：其一，溯源知行思想形成的学脉传承；其二，解析“知行本体”的核心要义；其三，探究成圣工夫的方法论体系；其四，评估该理论的思想史价值。通过对阳明文本的细部分析，本文试图揭示其以心体为枢轴、以良知为根基、以践履为进路的道德哲学体系，及其对儒家工夫论传统的创造性转化。

Abstract: The issue of knowledge and action, as a pivotal proposition in the history of Chinese philosophy, demonstrates dynamically evolving theoretical connotations. Wang Yangming’s philosophy of knowledge-action is rooted in the Confucian mind-nature theory tradition established by Confucius and Mencius, while constructing a distinctive School of Mind system through critical engagement with the Neo-Confucian doctrines of the Cheng brothers and Zhu Xi from the Northern Song period. Aligning with Song-Ming Confucian scholars, Wang inherits the Confucian ultimate concern of “inner sageliness and outer kingliness” in his scholarly paradigm, with his theoretical orientation concentrating on the inner transcendence of moral subjectivity. This study approaches Wang Yangming’s conception of knowledge-action through the lens of moral cultivation theory. The analytical framework encompasses four dimensions: first, tracing the intellectual lineage informing the formation of his knowledge-action doctrine; second, deciphering the core tenets of the “ontological unity of knowledge and action”; third, investigating the methodological framework for achieving sagehood through self-cultivation practices; fourth, assessing the theoretical legacy within the history of Chinese thought. Through meticulous textual analysis of Wang’s works, this research elucidates his moral philosophical system-centred on the mind-substance, grounded in innate moral knowledge, and actualised through practical cultivation—thereby revealing its creative transformation of the Confucian practice theory tradition.