甲状腺肿瘤诊疗新进展：从分子分型到靶向治疗的转化医学突破

New Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Tumors: Translational Medicine Breakthroughs from Molecular Typing to Targeted Therapy

摘要: 近年来，甲状腺肿瘤的研究取得了显著进展，尤其是在分子分型和靶向治疗方面。这一领域的重要性体现在甲状腺肿瘤的临床管理和预后评估中，传统的诊断和治疗方法逐渐无法满足个体化医疗的需求。当前，分子特征的识别为甲状腺肿瘤的分类和治疗提供了新的依据，但仍存在许多挑战，例如早期诊断的难度和靶向治疗的适应症界定。本文旨在综述甲状腺肿瘤的分子特征及其在诊疗中的应用，探讨最新的分子鉴定技术和靶向治疗策略，以期为临床医生提供一个全面的视角，帮助他们在甲状腺肿瘤的管理中作出更为精准的决策。

Abstract: In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of thyroid tumors, particularly in molecular typing and targeted therapy. The importance of this field is reflected in the clinical management and prognostic evaluation of thyroid tumors, as traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are increasingly inadequate to meet the demands of individualized medicine. Currently, the identification of molecular characteristics provides a novel basis for the classification and treatment of thyroid tumors; however, challenges persist, such as difficulties in early diagnosis and the precise delineation of indications for targeted therapies. This review aims to summarize the molecular features of thyroid tumors and their applications in diagnosis and treatment, while exploring the latest molecular profiling technologies and targeted therapeutic strategies. By integrating these advances, we seek to offer clinicians a comprehensive perspective to facilitate more precise clinical decision-making in thyroid tumor management.