MicroRNA-145与妇科恶性肿瘤关系的研究进展
Research Progress of MicroRNA-145 in Gynecological Malignancies
DOI: 10.12677/jcpm.2025.43323, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 王樱霓, 段霄霄：延安大学医学院，陕西 延安；武 磊, 李冰琳：西安市中心医院妇产科，陕西 西安；李亚萍*：西安市中心医院质控科，陕西 西安
关键词: miR-145；子宫颈癌；卵巢癌；子宫内膜癌；靶基因；miR-145； Cervical Cancer； Ovarian Cancer； Endometrial Cancer； Target Gene
摘要: 微小RNA-145(microRNA-145，miR-145)作为表观遗传调控的重要分子，由宿主基因转录而来，其主要在转录后水平对基因表达进行调控。近年来，肿瘤分子生物学的相关研究揭示了微小RNA(microRNA，miRNA)在癌症进展中的关键作用，其中，miR-145在多数肿瘤中呈现表达下调趋势。作为抑癌基因，它参与调控了包括乳腺癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌及卵巢癌等多种肿瘤的侵袭及转移等恶性生物学行为。妇科三大恶性肿瘤，包括子宫颈癌、卵巢癌及子宫内膜癌，目前尚无有效的筛查方法，确诊时大多已至晚期，严重威胁广大女性的生命健康及生活质量，其高发病率和高死亡率使得预防、早期诊断和有效治疗成为亟待解决的关键问题。研究表明，miR-145在这三类肿瘤中均表达下调，可能参与这些癌症的发生和发展，并对癌细胞的侵袭和转移具有负性调控作用。深入研究miR-145或可推动妇科肿瘤精准医疗的发展。现对miR-145在妇科恶性肿瘤的研究进展进行综述。
Abstract: MicroRNA-145 (miR-145), an important epigenetic regulatory molecule, is transcribed from the host gene and primarily regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recent cancer molecular biology research has demonstrated the crucial role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer progression. Notably, miR-145 is downregulated in most tumors. As a tumor suppressor gene, miR-145 is involved in regulating the malignant biological behaviors of various cancers, including breast, prostate, stomach, colorectal, and ovarian cancers. The three major gynecological malignancies, including cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, currently have no effective screening methods, and most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, posing a significant threat to women’s health and quality of life. Their high incidence and mortality rates highlight the urgent need for effective prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment. Studies have shown that miR-145 is downregulated in these three types of cancer, suggesting its potential role in cancer development and metastasis. Further research on miR-145 could advance the development of precision medicine for gynecological tumors. This review summarizes the research progress of miR-145 in gynecological malignancies.
文章引用：王樱霓, 段霄霄, 武磊, 李冰琳, 李亚萍. MicroRNA-145与妇科恶性肿瘤关系的研究进展[J]. 临床个性化医学, 2025, 4(3): 118-127. https://doi.org/10.12677/jcpm.2025.43323

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