高频超声技术在诊断周围神经病变中的现状与展望

Current Status and Prospects of High-Frequency Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Neuropathy

摘要: 周围神经病变(Peripheral Neuropathy, PN)是一类常见的神经系统疾病，早期诊断对防止病情进展至关重要。高频超声因具备高分辨率、无创、便捷等优势，已在PN的辅助诊断中广泛应用。本文综述了二维超声、多普勒成像、超微血流成像、弹性成像及超声造影等技术在PN中的应用与诊断价值，比较了不同方法的敏感性与适用性，并展望未来发展方向，提出结合标准化图像数据库与人工智能算法以提升诊断准确性，实现PN智能化、精准化早期识别。

Abstract: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common neurological disorder, and early diagnosis is crucial for preventing disease progression. High-frequency ultrasound, with its high resolution, non-invasiveness, and convenience, has been widely used as an auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of PN. This review summarizes the application and diagnostic value of various high-frequency ultrasound techniques in PN, including two-dimensional ultrasound, Doppler imaging, superb microvascular imaging, elastography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The sensitivity and applicability of different methods are compared, and future directions are discussed. The paper proposes integrating standardized image databases with artificial intelligence algorithms to improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate intelligent, precise early detection of PN.