基于层次分析法优化公共交通优先发展策略研究

Research on Optimizing the Priority Development Strategy of Public Transportation Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

摘要: 伴随城市化进程加速推进，城市交通拥堵问题加剧，推行公共交通优先发展策略成为破解交通困局的重要路径。本文创新性地引入层次分析法(AHP)，系统解构居民公共交通出行选择的多维决策机制，建立涵盖出行效率、服务质量、技术水平和心理因素四个方面的层次分析模型。通过构建多层次判断矩阵，并基于层次分析法进行各因素权重计算解析，结果表明：平均运行速度、准点率、出行费用和安全性等共同构成乘客出行选择的关键决策变量。基于分析结果，本文提出“效率–服务–体验”三维协同的公交优先发展策略：构建快速高效公交体系，打造高性价比公交方案，推进智能便捷公交系统，从而有效增强公交竞争力，推动城市交通可持续发展。

Abstract: With the accelerating urbanization process, the problem of urban traffic congestion has become more severe. Implementing the priority development strategy of public transportation has become an important approach to solve the traffic dilemma. This article innovatively introduces the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to systematically deconstruct the multi-dimensional decision-making mechanism of residents’ public transportation travel choices. A hierarchical analysis model covering four aspects, namely travel efficiency, service quality, technological level, and psychological factors, is established. By constructing a multi-level judgment matrix and calculating and analyzing the weights of each factor based on the AHP, the results show that variables such as average operating speed, punctuality rate, travel cost, and safety together form the key decision-making elements in passengers’ travel choices. Based on the analysis results, this paper proposes a three-dimensional coordinated strategy for the priority development of public transportation in terms of “efficiency-service-experience”: building a fast and efficient public transportation system, creating a cost-effective public transportation plan, and promoting an intelligent and convenient public transportation system. Through these measures, the competitiveness of public transportation can be effectively enhanced, and the sustainable development of urban transportation can be promoted.