电商背景下供应链协同研究——基于演化博弈视角

Supply Chain Coordination in the Context of E-Commerce—An Evolutionary Game Perspective

摘要: 本研究基于演化博弈理论构建了电商平台与供应商之间的动态协同模型。在直播电商这一新兴模式下，双方为追求各自利益最大化，初期常表现为竞争与不信任，但随着合作收益的显著提高，逐渐会转向互利共赢。本文通过构建双方在合作和背叛两种策略下的收益矩阵，将供应商进行了分类，分成了大型供应商和小型供应商，并利用复制动态方程描述有限理性条件下策略演化过程，深入探讨了合作收益系数对系统稳定性的影响。进一步运用雅可比矩阵对均衡点进行稳定性分析，表明当合作收益足够高时，电商平台与供应商最终会趋向于长期稳定的合作均衡；反之，则可能陷入非合作状态。数值仿真结果有效验证了理论模型，为供应链协同优化提供了新的视角和策略建议。研究成果不仅为电商直播时代供应链中双方合作行为的形成机制提供理论依据，也为实际操作中促进信息共享、风险共担和资源优化配置提供了有益启示。

Abstract: This study develops a dynamic coordination model between e-commerce platforms and suppliers based on evolutionary game theory. In the emerging live-stream e-commerce context, both parties initially pursue their own maximum benefits, often exhibiting competition and distrust; however, as cooperative payoffs rise significantly, they gradually shift toward mutual gain and win-win outcomes. We construct payoff matrices for two strategies—cooperation and defection—distinguishing suppliers into large and small categories, and employ replicator dynamics to describe the evolution of strategies under bounded rationality. We then conduct stability analysis of equilibrium points via the Jacobian matrix, demonstrating that when cooperative returns exceed a critical threshold, the platform and suppliers converge to a long-term stable cooperation equilibrium; otherwise, they may fall into a noncooperative state. Numerical simulations validate the theoretical model and offer new insights and strategic recommendations for optimizing supply-chain coordination. Our findings not only provide a theoretical foundation for understanding how cooperative behaviors emerge between platforms and suppliers in the live-streaming era, but also offer practical guidance for enhancing information sharing, risk sharing, and resource allocation in real-world applications.