天津市重点河湖浮游动物群落组成调查研究

Investigation of Zooplankton Community Composition in Key Rivers and Lakes in Tianjin

摘要: 浮游动物作为水生态系统的重要组成部分，对生态系统的结构和功能具有重要调控作用。本研究旨在调查天津市重点河湖的浮游动物群落组成，分析其生物多样性和群落结构，以评估水环境质量和水生态系统的健康状况。天津市位于海河流域下游，具有丰富的河流和水库资源，是重要的交通枢纽和港口城市。2021年6~7月和9~10月，天津市24条河流和2个水库共设置62个采样点，采集浮游动物样本并进行鉴定。浮游动物物种丰富度、平均密度和生物量在不同水系间存在差异，海河水系物种最丰富，南四河水系物种最少。浮游动物种类和生物量以轮虫为主，优势种为曲腿龟甲轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫、针簇多枝轮虫。通过Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数对环境进行评价，发现多样性指数普遍降低，而丰富度指数普遍升高，评价结果表明各水系水质处于轻–中度污染之间。

Abstract: As an important part of aquatic ecosystem, zooplankton plays an important role in regulating the structure and function of the ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition of zooplankton communities in key rivers and lakes in Tianjin, and analyze their biodiversity and community structure to assess the water environment quality and the health of water ecosystems. Located in the lower reaches of Haihe River Basin, Tianjin is an important transportation hub and port city with abundant river and reservoir resources. From June to July and September to October 2021, a total of 62 sampling sites were set up in 24 rivers and 2 reservoirs in Tianjin to collect and identify zooplankton samples. The species richness, average density and biomass of zooplankton were different among different river systems, with Haihe River system having the most abundant species and Nansihe River system having the least species. The species and biomass of zooplankton were mainly rotifers, and the dominant species were Keratella valga、Brachionus calyciflorus and Polyarthra trigla. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index were used to evaluate the environment, and it was found that the diversity index generally decreased, while the richness index generally increased. The evaluation results showed that the water quality of each water system was between light and medium pollution.