基于社会力模型的多支路行人应急疏散建模与策略优化研究

Research on Modeling and Strategy Optimization of Multi-Branch Pedestrian Emergency Merging Based on Social Force Model

摘要: 随着经济的快速发展及城镇化进程的推进，公共场所的人群聚集现象越发普遍，当道路为汇流结构时，多个方向的行人汇合成一条行人流，这会导致人群的移动效率大大降低，不利于危险情况下的紧急逃生。本文以多支路汇流场景的行人疏散为研究对象，模拟多支路汇流时行人的相互作用，改进原始社会力模型中行人的期望速度，并引入跟随力和超越力。数值模拟验证了模型的有效性，并探讨了汇流角度、支路宽度、支路间距以及支路方位等因素对行人流的影响。研究结果表明：汇流角度越大，行人疏散效率越高；增大支路宽度并不能明显提高整体的疏散效率；支路间距越大，行人的拥挤程度越小，通过的所需时间越少；支路在异侧时相对同侧增加了运动和汇流的复杂程度，使得行人速度减缓，降低了通过效率。本文研究结果为多支路汇流场景的安全疏散设计与优化提供了理论依据。

Abstract: With the rapid economic development and urbanization process, population gathering phenomena in public spaces have become increasingly prevalent. When the road has a merging structure, pedestrians from multiple directions converge into a single pedestrian flow, which will greatly reduce the movement efficiency of the crowd and is not conducive to emergency evacuation in dangerous situations. This paper takes the pedestrian evacuation in the scenario of multi-branch merging as the research object, simulates the interaction among pedestrians during multi-branch merging, improves the desired speed of pedestrians in the original social force model, and introduces the following force and overtaking force. The model’s validity was verified through numerical simulations, while the impacts of merging angles, branch widths, branch distance, and branch directions on pedestrian flows were systematically investigated. The research results show that the larger the merging angle is, the higher the pedestrian evacuation efficiency will be. Increasing the width of the branch roads cannot significantly improve the overall evacuation efficiency. Greater branch distance reduces pedestrian congestion and shortens passing time. When branches are positioned on opposite sides, the increased complexity of movement and merging dynamics leads to reduced pedestrian velocities and lower passing efficiency. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of safe evacuation in multi-branch confluence scenarios.