社会资本如何赋能新生代电商创业者创业绩效？——数字化资源整合能力的中介作用

How Does Social Capital Empower the Entrepreneurial Performance of the New Generation of E-Commerce Entrepreneurs?—The Mediating Role of Digital Resource Integration Capability

摘要: 在数字经济与“双创”政策升级的驱动下，新生代创业者成为推动经济增长与技术创新的核心力量，但其新创企业绩效表现普遍偏低。尽管社会资本被视为创业者突破资源约束的关键要素，但数字经济时代下，资源整合的数字化转型如何重塑社会资本的价值转化路径仍需深入探讨。本文基于动态能力视角，构建“社会资本–数字化资源整合–创业绩效”理论模型，通过对江苏、浙江等数字经济活跃地区的266名新生代电商创业者进行问卷调查，揭示社会资本影响创业绩效的作用机制。研究发现：1) 社会资本的关系与认知维度显著提升创业绩效，但结构维度对成长与财务绩效无显著影响；2) 数字化资源整合能力在社会资本与创业绩效间发挥部分中介作用；3) 创业者年龄、工作经验显著调节社会资本向绩效的转化效率。本研究为创业者如何认识和使用社会资本提供了理论依据，并为政府构建数字创业生态、创业者强化资源整合策略提出实践启示。

Abstract: Driven by the digital economy and the upgrading of the “mass innovation and innovation” policy, the new generation of entrepreneurs has become the core force to promote economic growth and technological innovation, but the performance of their new start-ups is generally low. Although social capital is regarded as a key element for entrepreneurs to break through resource constraints, in the era of digital economy, how the digital transformation of resource integration reshapes the value transformation path of social capital still needs in-depth discussion. Based on the dynamic capability perspective, this paper constructs a theoretical model of “social capital-digital resource integration-entrepreneurial performance” and reveals the mechanism of social capital’s impact on entrepreneurial performance by conducting a questionnaire survey on 266 new generation e-commerce entrepreneurs in active digital economy regions such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The results show that: 1) The relational and cognitive dimensions of social capital significantly improve entrepreneurial performance, but the structural dimensions have no significant impact on growth and financial performance; 2) Digital resource integration ability plays a partial mediating role between social capital and entrepreneurial performance; 3) The age and work experience of entrepreneurs significantly regulate the conversion efficiency of social capital into performance. This study provides a theoretical basis for entrepreneurs to understand and use social capital, and provides practical inspiration for the government to build digital entrepreneurship ecology and entrepreneurs to strengthen resource integration strategies.