早产儿达到完全经口喂养时间的相关因素研究

Research on Factors Influencing the Time to Achieve Full Oral Feeding in Preterm Infants

摘要: 目的：分析早产儿达到完全经口喂养时间的相关因素。方法：采用横断面描述性研究方法，选择2023年1月至2024年11月青岛市市立医院新生儿科收治的303例早产儿为研究对象。收集早产儿的基本信息，包括一般资料、治疗干预措施、诊断以及母亲的年龄和并发症等。采用单因素分析寻找早产儿达到完全经口喂养时间的相关因素。将单因素分析中具有统计学意义的相关因素纳入多因素Ridge回归分析，从而确定影响早产儿达到全经口喂养时间的独立相关因素。结果：单因素分析显示，住院天数、新生儿合并症数量、出生体重、出院体重、出生体长、出院体长、出生后1 min Apgar评分、出生后5 min Apgar评分、开始经口喂养时间、开始母乳喂养时间、开始口腔干预时间、胃管留置时间、脐静脉置管留置时间、机械通气总时间、是否PICC置管、新生儿贫血、动脉导管未闭、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症、分娩时产妇年龄、产妇合并症数量均具有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。多因素分析显示，住院天数、新生儿诊断数量、开始口腔干预时间、留置胃管时间、脐静脉置管留置时间、是否PICC置管、是否新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症7个因素是早产儿达到完全经口喂养时间的独立相关因素，共解释早产儿达到完全经口喂养时间95%的变异(调整R² = 0.947)。结论：对于住院天数越长、合并症数量越多、留置胃管时间越长、需要脐静脉留置时间越长、有PICC置管、有新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症的患儿需警惕实现完全经口喂养时间会较长。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the related factors of the time to achieve full oral feeding in preterm infants. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, selecting 303 preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2023 to November 2024 as the research subjects. Basic information of the preterm infants was collected, including general data, treatment and intervention measures, diagnosis, and the age and complications of the mothers. Univariate analysis was used to identify the related factors of the time to achieve full oral feeding in preterm infants. The factors with statistical significance in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate Ridge regression analysis to determine the independent related factors affecting the time to achieve full oral feeding in preterm infants. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the length of hospital stay, the number of neonatal complications, birth weight, discharge weight, birth length, discharge length, 1-minute Apgar score after birth, 5-minute Apgar score after birth, the time to start oral feeding, the time to start breastfeeding, the time to start oral intervention, the duration of gastric tube placement, the duration of umbilical vein catheter placement, the total duration of mechanical ventilation, whether a PICC catheter was placed, neonatal anemia, patent ductus arteriosus, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, the age of the mother at delivery, and the number of maternal complications were all statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the length of hospital stay, the number of neonatal diagnoses, the time to start oral intervention, the duration of gastric tube placement, the duration of umbilical vein catheter placement, whether a PICC catheter was placed, and whether neonatal respiratory distress syndrome was present were seven independent related factors affecting the time to achieve full oral feeding in preterm infants, explaining 95% of the variation in the time to achieve full oral feeding in preterm infants (adjusted R² = 0.947). Conclusion: For preterm infants with longer hospital stays, more complications, longer gastric tube placement durations, longer umbilical vein catheter placement durations, PICC catheter placements, and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, it is necessary to be vigilant that the time to achieve full oral feeding may be longer.