阜阳市农村老年人养老意愿及影响因素研究

Research on the Willingness and Influencing Factors of Rural Elderly in Fuyang City

摘要: 中国现有农村老年人口规模超一亿人，其中近四分之一的农村地区已进入超级老龄社会，农村养老问题亟待解决。阜阳作为安徽省人口大市和全国劳务输出大市，大量劳动力外流导致当地人口结构呈明显的空心化特征。基于对阜阳市462名农村老年人养老意愿进行调查，并系统分析其养老偏好及影响因素。结果表明，阜阳市农村老年人在养老方式选择上呈现梯度分布特征：居家养老 > 社区养老 > 机构养老 > 新兴的旅居养老；且在年龄、性别、健康状况和养老服务需求上存在明显差异。因此，以健康老龄化视角，立足阜阳市农村老年人发展的实际情况，构建“内生能力提升 + 外部环境支持”的协同机制，整合多元化社会资源参与、创新差异化服务，形成阜阳市农村特色的综合养老模式，为完善我国农村养老服务体系提供实践参考。

Abstract: With over 100 million elderly people in rural areas in China, and nearly a quarter of the rural areas have entered a super aging society. As a populous city in Anhui Province and one of largest labor export city in China, Fuyang has experienced significant labor outflows, resulting in pronounced hollowing-out characteristics in its local population structure. Based on the survey of 462 rural elderly people in Fuyang City, the factors affecting their willingness to provide for the elderly were analyzed. The results showed that rural elderly in Fuyang exhibit a hierarchical distribution in their choice of pension models: home-based care, community care, institutional care and emerging sojourn care. There are significant differences in age, gender, health status and demand for elderly care services. Therefore, from the perspective of healthy aging and based on the actual situation of rural elderly development in Fuyang City, a collaborative mechanism of “endogenous capacity enhancement + external environmental support” is constructed to integrate diversified social resources, innovate differentiated services, and form a comprehensive elderly care model with rural characteristics in Fuyang City, providing practical reference for improving China’s rural elderly care service system.