双齿围沙蚕对两种硒源的富集研究

A Study on Bioaccumulation of Two Types of Selenium in the Sandworm Perinereis aibuhitensis

摘要: 硒具有促进水生动物生长，提高抗氧化能力的功效。双齿围沙蚕为典型的底栖生物，富集微量元素的能力强，且是重要的生物饵料，作为水产富硒载体优势明显。本实验以25、50、75 mg/L浓度纳米硒和蛋白硒对双齿围沙蚕进行浸泡处理，测定分析了48 h内沙蚕体内硒的富集量、活力及总氨氮、亚硝酸氮等水质参数的变化，进一步探究了鲜活与冷冻沙蚕对两种硒源的富集效果。结果显示：(1) 50 mg/L纳米硒浸泡沙蚕4 h时，其体内硒含量最高(26.28 mg/kg)，75 mg/L蛋白硒浸泡沙蚕8 h后，体内硒含量达峰值(11.93 mg/kg)。纳米硒在鲜活沙蚕中的富集量高于冷冻沙蚕，而蛋白硒富集情况则相反；(2) 25和50 mg/L纳米硒浸泡4和8 h时，沙蚕硒含量显著高于同浓度蛋白硒组，而75 mg/L蛋白硒组在浸泡8 h时的硒含量显著高于纳米硒组；(3) 50和75 mg/L蛋白硒浸泡沙蚕16 h后出现死亡，而纳米硒各浓度组及25 mg/L蛋白硒组沙蚕的活力维持在24 h时无显著变化；(4) 添加纳米硒和蛋白硒两种硒源后沙蚕养殖水体中亚硝酸氮浓度下降，而总氨氮浓度在8 h以内先降低，而后升高。

Abstract: Selenium (Se) has the effect of promoting the growth of aquatic animals and enhancing their antioxidant capacity. As a typical benthic organism with exceptional trace elemental bioaccumulation capacity and significant value as live feed, the sandworm Perinereis aibuhitensis demonstrates prominent potential as a selenium Bioaccumulated carriers for aquaculture. In this experiment, sandworms were immersed in nano selenium (Nano-Se) and protein selenium (Pro-Se) at concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 mg/L. Temporal variations in selenium accumulation, sandworm vitality, water quality parameters, such as total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, were measured and analyzed over 48 h. Further exploration was conducted on the bioaccumulation effect of fresh and frozen sandworm for two selenium sources. Results showed that: (1) The highest selenium bioaccumulation (26.28 mg/kg) in sandworms was observed after 4 h of immersion in 50 mg/L Nano-Se. The highest selenium bioaccumulation (11.93 mg/kg) occurred after 8 h of immersion in 75 mg/L Pro-Se. The selenium bioaccumulation of Nano-se in live sandworm was higher than that in frozen counterparts, whereas the bioaccumulation of Pro-Se exhibited the opposite trend. (2) When immersed in 25 and 50 mg/L Nano-Se for 4 and 8 h, the selenium content in sandworms was significantly higher than that in the same concentrations of Pro-Se groups. However, the selenium content in the 75 mg/L Pro-Se group was significantly higher than that in the nano-Se group after immersing for 8 h, and the bioaccumulation rate of Nano-Se was higher than that of Pro-Se. (3) Mortality was observed in sandworms exposed to 50 and 75 mg/L of Pro-Se after 16 h of immersion, whereas sandworms in all concentration Nano-Se and 25 mg/L of Pro-Se groups showed no significant changes in vitality after 24 h. (4) After the addition of Nano-Se and Pro-Se sources to the sandworms culture water, the concentration of nitrite nitrogen decreased, while the total ammonia nitrogen concentration declined within the first 8 h but subsequently increased.