基于GIS的民族混居地区居民点空间布局特征研究——以青街畲族乡为例

The Distribution Pattern of Human Settlements in Ethnic Mixed Areas Based on GIS—A Case Study of Qingjie She Nationality Township

摘要: 民族混居地区居民点的空间布局具有一定特征。本文基于GIS和空间统计分析方法，以畲族作为研究对象，以青街畲族乡为研究区域，对比研究区域内畲族和汉族居民点的空间分布差异。结果显示：汉族居民点平均海拔为213.8 m、畲族居民点平均海拔为214.4 m，并且海拔600 m以上的地区没有任何居民点分布。69%的汉族居民点距离水源400 m内，畲族则占31%，汉族居民点选址具有明显的“亲水性”。根据样方分析、最邻近指数分析的结果，两族群皆属于聚集的空间分布格局，但畲族居民点的分布较汉族更为聚集；标准差椭圆的分析显示畲族居民点的椭圆面积为4.02 km²，显著小于汉族的9.75 km²；核密度分析显示畲族集聚地区居民点密度为2.58个∙km⁻²，汉族集聚地区的居民点密度为2.9个∙km⁻²。

Abstract: The spatial distribution of residential settlements in ethnic mixed regions exhibits distinct characteristics. Based on GIS and spatial statistical analysis methods, this study examines the spatial distribution differences between She and Han ethnic settlements in Qingjie She nationality Township, with the She ethnic group as the research focus. Results show that the average elevation of Han settlements is 213.8 m, while that of She settlements is 214.4 m, with no residential distribution observed above 600 m elevation. Notably, 69% of Han settlements are located within 400 m of water sources, compared to only 31% of She settlements, indicating a pronounced hydrophilic tendency in Han settlement selection. Quadrat analysis and nearest neighbor index analysis reveal that both ethnic groups exhibit clustered distribution patterns, though She settlements demonstrate higher aggregation intensity than Han settlements. The analysis of standard deviation ellipse shows that the She settlements’ elliptical area is 4.02 km², significantly smaller than the Han’s 9.75 km². Kernel density estimation indicates settlement densities of 2.58 per km² in She-concentrated areas versus 2.9 per km² in Han-concentrated areas.