横风环境对偏载高速货运动车组行车安全影响研究
Research on the Impact of Crosswind Environments on Operational Safety of High-Speed Freight EMUs with Eccentric Loads
摘要: 本文以CRH2型高速货运动车组为研究对象，基于多体动力学理论，利用UM软件平台构建了高速货运动车组的动力学模型，并进一步建立了横风环境下偏载工况的列车–轨道耦合系统模型。通过数值模拟与仿真分析，系统研究了风速、货物偏移量及行车速度等关键因素对列车运行安全性的影响规律。研究结果表明：脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轴横向力等安全性指标随车速、风速及货物偏移量的增加而显著恶化，尤其在车速超过250 km/h、风速达17 m/s或偏移量超过0.6 m时，多项指标超出安全限值，表明横风与偏载的叠加效应严重威胁列车稳定性。此外，轮重减载率与轮轴横向力对风速变化最为敏感，而高风速下货物偏移量的增大会进一步加剧脱轨风险。本研究为高速货运动车组在复杂环境下的安全运行提供了理论依据，建议实际运营中结合风速监测与装载控制以降低风险。
Abstract: This study investigates the CRH2 high-speed freight Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) as the research object. Based on multibody dynamics theory, a dynamics model of the high-speed freight EMU was established using the UM software platform, with further development of a train-track coupled system model considering crosswind conditions and eccentric loading scenarios. Through numerical simulation and analytical methods, the research systematically examines the influence of key parameters—including wind speed, cargo displacement offset, and operating speed—on train operational safety. The results demonstrate that safety indices (derailment coefficient, wheel load reduction rate, and lateral wheel-rail force) deteriorate significantly with increasing speed, wind velocity, and cargo offset. Particularly when the speed exceeds 250 km/h, wind speed reaches 17 m/s, or the offset surpasses 0.6 m, multiple indicators exceed safety thresholds, revealing that the combined effects of crosswind and eccentric loading critically compromise train stability. Furthermore, the wheel load reduction rate and lateral wheel-rail force exhibit heightened sensitivity to wind speed variations, while increased cargo offset under high wind speeds exacerbates derailment risks. This study provides theoretical foundations for the safe operation of high-speed freight EMUs under complex environmental conditions. Practical recommendations include implementing real-time wind speed monitoring and enhanced cargo loading protocols to mitigate operational hazards.
文章引用：李道权, 汪诤. 横风环境对偏载高速货运动车组行车安全影响研究[J]. 建模与仿真, 2025, 14(6): 167-176. https://doi.org/10.12677/mos.2025.146486

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