知识翻译学视域下《诗经》中的自然意象翻译研究

A Study of the Natural Image Translation in “Book of Poetry” from the Perspective of Transknowletology

摘要: 意象是诗人主观情感和客观物象共同作用的产物，对诗人传情达意至关重要。《诗经》中富含大量自然意象诗，其文化内涵和情感意蕴颇丰。知识翻译学从知识与翻译的关系出发，重新认识翻译的本质和价值、知识的地方性和世界性及原文与译文之间的关系等。秉承“真、善、美”翻译三原则，强调翻译就是传递知识，是以译入语为媒介的源语文化知识的重构和传播。《诗经》中的自然意象蕴含着丰富的文化内涵，彰显着中华民族独特的思想理念和民俗文化价值。它植根于中华传统文化土壤，具有典型特色的地方性知识。翻译《诗经》能够帮助西方读者更好地理解中国的传统文化，从而推动中西文化之间的交流与对话。《诗经》的英译译者们作为知识的接收者、生产者与传播者，将中国诗歌文化带到了西方的视野中，为地方性知识向世界性知识变迁发挥了重要作用。本文以知识翻译学为框架，从“以真求知、以善立意、以美行文”角度，对许渊冲与里雅各《诗经》英译本中的自然意象进行赏析，旨在探究自然意象诗的英译规律和审美价值。

Abstract: Imagery, as the synthesis of a poet’s subjective emotions and objective phenomena, serves as a critical medium for conveying artistic sentiment and ideological intent. “Book of Poetry”, an anthology deeply rooted in ancient Chinese culture, features an abundance of natural imagery poetry, whose cultural connotations and affective resonance reflect the symbiotic relationship between human sensibilities and the natural world. Transknowletology, grounded in the interplay between knowledge and translation, reinterprets the essence and value of translation by emphasizing the localization and universality of knowledge, as well as the dynamic interplay between source and target texts. Guided by the tripartite principles of “truth, goodness, and beauty,” this theoretical framework posits translation as an act of knowledge transmission—a process of reconstructing and disseminating culturally embedded knowledge through the medium of the target language. As a cornerstone of Chinese cultural heritage, “Book of Poetry” embodies the unique philosophical ethos and folkloric values of the Chinese nation. Its rich cultural implications, deeply rooted in the soil of traditional Chinese civilization, epitomize the distinctiveness of local knowledge. Translating “Book of Poetry” facilitates Western readers’ access to China’s cultural legacy, thereby fostering cross-cultural dialogue between China and the West. Translators of “Book of Poetry”, acting as receivers, producers, and disseminators of knowledge, have introduced Chinese poetic traditions to Western audiences, playing a pivotal role in transforming localized knowledge into a global intellectual resource. This study employs the analytical framework of Transknowletology—specifically its tenets of “pursuing truth through knowledge, grounding intent in goodness, and embodying beauty in expression”—to examine the translation strategies applied to natural imagery in two seminal English renditions of “Book of Poetry”: those by Xu Yuanchong and James Legge. By conducting a comparative analysis of their approaches to translating nature-oriented verses, this paper seeks to elucidate the aesthetic principles and translational norms governing the rendition of natural imagery poetry.