考虑现有门店改造的生鲜电商企业前置仓选址问题研究

Study on Location Selection of Pre-Warehouses for Fresh Food E-Commerce Enterprises Considering the Renovation of Existing Stores

摘要: 随着生鲜电商行业规模的快速扩张，前置仓作为“最后一公里”的核心节点，在提升配送时效的同时，其选址决策的影响日益凸显。本文将考虑现有门店改造的生鲜电商前置仓选址作为研究的主题，从前置仓的特点出发，构建以总成本最小为目标的数学模型，并设计相应的遗传算法来实现该模型的求解。选用Z集团在武汉市江夏区的前置仓选址问题进行实例分析，针对已经存在的店铺网点，进行前置仓的改造；同时根据实际距离对比分析考虑碳排放和不考虑碳排放的各项成本。研究发现：从社会发展的长期角度来看，考虑碳排放所产生的社会总成本低于不考虑碳排放的情况，证明了碳排放因素引入模型的合理性，为丰富生鲜电商物流模式和促进低碳冷链物流发展提供了决策参考。

Abstract: With the rapid expansion of the fresh food e-commerce industry, pre-warehouses, as core nodes in the “last mile” distribution, have increasingly highlighted the importance of their location decisions while improving delivery efficiency. This study focuses on the location selection problem of transforming existing stores into fresh food e-commerce pre-warehouses. Starting from the characteristics of pre-warehouses, a mathematical model aiming to minimize total costs is constructed, and a corresponding genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model. A case study is conducted using the pre-warehouses’ location selection problem of Z Group in Jiangxia District, Wuhan City, where existing store locations are transformed into pre-warehouses. At the same time, the various costs with and without considering carbon emissions are compared and analyzed based on actual distances. The research finds that from the long-term perspective of social development, the total social cost resulting from considering carbon emissions is lower than that without considering carbon emissions, which proves the rationality of introducing carbon emission factors into the model and provides a decision-making reference for enriching the logistics model of fresh food e-commerce and promoting the development of low-carbon cold chain logistics.