DES联合DCB治疗原位冠脉弥漫病变的初步疗效、炎症反应及优化策略探讨
Preliminary Investigation of Drug-Eluting Stent Combined with Drug-Coated Balloon Therapy for In-Situ Diffuse Coronary Disease: Efficacy, Inflammatory Response, and Optimization Strategies
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2025.1561839, PDF, HTML, XML,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 蒙冬生*, 岑开源#:广西壮族自治区桂东人民医院心血管内科,广西 梧州;林娟宇*:梧州市工人医院医学检验科,广西 梧州;王伟松:湖南中医药大学附属第一医院心血管内科,湖南 长沙
关键词: 药物洗脱支架药物涂层球囊原位冠状动脉弥漫病变联合治疗经皮冠状动脉介入治疗Drug-Eluting Stent Drug-Coated Balloon In-Situ Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease Combination Therapy Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
摘要: 背景:原位冠状动脉弥漫病变属于冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的复杂类型,传统治疗手段效果有限。药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stents, DES)和药物涂层球囊(drug-coated balloon, DCB)已被广泛应用于介入治疗,但二者联合应用及其对炎症反应的影响尚缺乏系统研究。目的:评估DES联合DCB治疗原位冠状动脉弥漫病变的疗效,并分析其对炎症标志物高敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)的影响。方法:本研究为单中心、前瞻性、随机对照试验,选取2024年2月至2025年2月收治的70例原位冠状动脉弥漫病变患者,按照随机数字表法分为DES组(n = 35)和DES + DCB联合组(n = 35),均接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)。比较两组患者在术前、术后即刻及术后12个月的冠状动脉最小管腔直径(MLD)、狭窄率及炎症标志物水平,并评估主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率。结果:两组患者的一般基线资料和冠脉病变情况差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。术后,两组患者的最小管腔直径均显著增加(P < 0.01),且DES + DCB组在术后即刻及12个月时均明显优于DES组(P < 0.05)。与术前相比,术后即刻及12个月时,两组MLD均显著升高(P < 0.01),且DES + DCB组始终高于DES组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。术后即刻及12个月时,两组患者的靶血管管腔狭窄率均较术前显著降低(P < 0.01),其中DES + DCB组的狭窄率明显低于DES组(P < 0.05)。在术前及术后即刻,两组炎症指标(hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α)未表现出统计学上的显著差异(P > 0.05)。然而,术后12个月复查时,DES + DCB组的炎症指标明显低于DES组(P < 0.01),且该差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。此外,12个月随访期间,两组MACE发生率无统计学上的显著区别(P > 0.05)。结论:DES联合DCB治疗可显著改善冠状动脉弥漫病变患者的血管通畅性,提高术后即刻及12个月随访时的MLD,降低靶血管狭窄率,同时减少hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平,抑制炎症反应,是治疗原位冠状动脉弥漫病变的潜在有效方法,为该类病变的治疗提供了新的临床选择。
Abstract: Background: In-situ diffuse coronary disease (IDCD) is a complex subtype of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD), with limited efficacy of conventional treatment strategies. Drug-eluting stents (DES) and drug-coated balloons (DCB) have been widely used in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); however, the combined application of these two approaches and their impact on the inflammatory response remain insufficiently studied. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of DES combined with DCB in the treatment of in-situ diffuse coronary disease and to analyze its effects on inflammatory markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Methods: This study is a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. A total of 70 patients with IDCD, admitted between February 2024 and February 2025, were randomly assigned to either the DES group (n = 35) or the DES + DCB combination group (n = 35) using a random number table method. All patients underwent PCI. The minimal lumen diameter (MLD), lumen stenosis rate, and inflammatory biomarker levels were compared between the two groups at baseline (pre-procedure), immediately post-procedure, and at the 12-month follow-up. Additionally, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was recorded. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics and coronary lesion profiles between the two groups (P > 0.05). After PCI, the MLD significantly increased in both groups (P < 0.01), with the DES + DCB group demonstrating superior outcomes both immediately post-procedure and at the 12-month follow-up compared to the DES group (P < 0.05). Compared with pre-procedure values, MLD significantly increased immediately post-procedure and at 12 months in both groups (P < 0.01), and the DES + DCB group consistently showed higher values than the DES group (P < 0.01). Similarly, the target vessel stenosis rate significantly decreased in both groups immediately post-procedure and at 12 months (P < 0.01), with a significantly lower stenosis rate observed in the DES + DCB group compared to the DES group (P < 0.05). Pre-procedure and immediately post-procedure, there were no significant differences in inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α) between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, at the 12-month follow-up, the inflammatory marker levels in the DES + DCB group were significantly lower than those in the DES group (P < 0.01), with statistically significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05). The incidence of MACE during the 12-month follow-up showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: DES combined with DCB therapy can significantly improve vascular patency in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease, increase MLD immediately after surgery and at the 12-month follow-up, and reduce target vessel stenosis. Additionally, this strategy lowers hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, suppresses inflammatory responses. It is a potentially effective approach for treating de novo diffuse coronary artery disease, providing a new clinical option for managing this condition.
文章引用:蒙冬生, 林娟宇, 岑开源, 王伟松. DES联合DCB治疗原位冠脉弥漫病变的初步疗效、炎症反应及优化策略探讨[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(6): 1177-1185. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.1561839

1. 引言

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, CHD)是全球心血管疾病死亡的主要原因,其中冠状动脉弥漫病变(diffuse coronary artery disease, DCAD)是CHD的特殊亚型,涉及多个冠脉节段,导致心肌供血受限并增加心肌缺血及主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events, MACE)的风险[1]。原位冠状动脉弥漫病变(in-situ diffuse coronary disease, IDCD)是DCAD的特定形式,特点为未完全闭塞或明显重塑的血管解剖,常见于无病变前段可植入支架的患者。由于病变广泛,常规经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI)面临高再狭窄率和不良远期预后挑战[2]

目前,药物洗脱支架(drug-eluting stents, DES)和药物涂层球囊(drug-coated balloon, DCB)是PCI治疗的两大策略。DES通过缓释抗增殖药物有效抑制新生内膜增生,降低支架内再狭窄(in-stent restenosis, ISR)的发生率,但长期植入可能影响血管舒缩功能并增加晚期血栓风险[3]-[5]。DCB作为无植入治疗,通过球囊扩张将抗增殖药物直接递送至病变血管壁,减少金属植入的风险,并表现出较好的临床效果,尤其在ISR和小血管病变治疗中应用广泛[6] [7]。相比DES,DCB减少血管炎症反应,并降低双联抗血小板治疗(dual antiplatelet therapy, DAPT)导致的出血风险。然而,对于IDCD患者,单独使用DCB可能增加操作复杂性,并存在再狭窄风险[8] [9]

近年来,许浩博等人[10]提出了DES联合DCB治疗IDCD的策略,该方案通过在远端血管应用DCB扩张,减少支架植入,优化血管重建,从而提高术后长期通畅性。此外,炎症反应在冠脉狭窄和ISR中起关键作用,炎症标志物如高敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)的变化可用于评估术后炎症状态,并与ISR发生相关[11]-[13]。本研究旨在评估DES联合DCB治疗的短中期疗效,并探讨其对冠脉炎症反应的影响,以期为IDCD提供有效的PCI治疗策略。

2. 资料与方法

2.1. 一般资料

本研究为单中心、前瞻性、随机对照试验,获得广西壮族自治区桂东人民医院伦理委员会批准(伦理审查号:GDKY202422),并确保所有患者签署知情同意书。纳入2024年2月至2025年2月期间在本院接受PCI的原位冠状动脉原位弥漫病变(in-situ diffuse coronary disease, IDCD)患者共70例。所有患者按照随机数字表法分为单纯DES治疗组(DCB组,n = 35)与DES + DCB联合治疗组(联合组,n = 35)。

纳入标准:(1) 冠状动脉造影(Coronary Artery Angiography, CAG)确诊为IDCD,符合美国心血管协会/美国心脏病学会的诊断标准[14];(2) 年龄25~85岁;(3) 靶血管病变长度 > 25 mm;(4) 手术由同一组心血管内科专家完成;(5) 术后随访时间12个月。排除标准:(1) 既往诊断为恶性肿瘤且预期生存期较短;(2) 伴有房颤、严重心力衰竭或植入心脏起搏器者;(3) 既往3个月内发生脑出血或脑梗死者;(4) 合并复杂冠状动脉病变,需外科冠状动脉搭桥术或其他复杂介入治疗失败者;(5) 术后未能完成至少12个月随访者;(6) 严重肝肾功能不全;(7) 伴有凝血功能障碍、中度至重度贫血、白血病或其他血液系统疾病者。

2.2. 手术方法

所有患者在术前均接受负荷剂量的抗血小板方案(阿司匹林300 mg + 替格瑞洛180 mg),术后维持阿司匹林100 mg/日及替格瑞洛90 mg (每日2次)。

术前评估与处理:依据CAG评估病变位置、长度及狭窄程度;术前采用球囊预扩张,以改善病变顺应性,确保病变充分扩张,减少支架植入后的残余狭窄及弹性回缩风险。

术中操作:(1) DES组(单纯DES治疗):① 支架选择与植入:选择合适直径和长度的DES (药物涂层含雷帕霉素或雷帕霉素衍生物),依据病变特征调整扩张压力,确保支架充分膨胀并贴壁,药物支架载药物在0.7~1.6 μg/mm2,8~12 atm (标准大气压) 15~20秒释放支架,必要时用非顺应性后扩张球囊用13~22 atm高压扩张,确保支架充分膨胀并贴壁,扩张时间15~20秒,优化血管通畅性;② 支架优化:术中可结合血管内超声(IVUS)或光学相干断层成像(OCT)评估支架贴壁情况,并在必要时采用高压球囊后扩张以减少支架边缘不均匀扩张;③ 术后CAG评估心肌梗死溶栓治疗血流分级(Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction, TIMI),确保TIMI 3级血流,并应用定量血管造影(QCA)评估靶病变残余狭窄 ≤ 20%,确保远端血流通畅。(2) DES + DCB联合组:① 支架选择与植入:选择合适直径和长度的DES (药物涂层含雷帕霉素或雷帕霉素衍生物),按照标准植入技术释放支架,确保充分扩张,并必要时通过13~22 atm/15~20 秒高压后扩张进一步优化支架贴壁,以减少支架内再狭窄风险;② DCB处理:在支架边缘及远端病变区域选用合适直径和长度的DCB (药物涂层含紫杉醇),药物剂量为2.0~3.0 μg/mm2,采用8~10 atm低压扩张(60~90秒),确保药物充分释放至血管内膜,以减少远端再狭窄风险,并促进血管内皮修复;③ 术后TIMI血流为3级,残余狭窄 ≤ 20%。

术后处理:两组均DAPT 12个月;术后患者均接受冠心病二级预防治疗,包括他汀类、β受体阻滞剂及ARNI/ACEI/ARB等药物。

2.3. 观察指标和随访

(1) 一般资料

本研究收集患者的基本临床资料,包括年龄、性别、吸烟史、高血压病史、糖尿病病史、既往心肌梗死史,同时检测生化指标:肌钙蛋白T (Cardiac Troponin T)、空腹血糖(FBG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血肌酐(SCr)以及通过心脏彩超测定的左室射血分数(LVEF)。此外,评估炎症相关指标包括hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α

(2) 术中血管学评估

记录冠脉病变数量、靶血管定位、术前及术后TIMI血流分级,并评估MLD及狭窄程度,进一步计算管腔直径的变化。

(3) 随访与检测

① MLD与管腔狭窄程度:术前、术后即刻及术后12个月分别测量MLD和狭窄率,评估治疗效果。

② 血液学指标检测

术前、术后即刻及术后12个月,空腹抽取外周血样,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平,分析炎症反应变化趋势。

③ 不良心血管事件(MACE)观察

随访12个月,观察MACE发生情况,主要包括心血管死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、卒中、再发心绞痛、支架内血栓形成。MACE事件经过标准化的临床评估流程进行确认,MACE事件的评估将在以下时间点进行:术后1个月、6个月以及12个月。

所有患者均需定期进行门诊复查及必要辅助检查。

2.4. 统计学方法

本研究借助SPSS 29.0统计软件进行数据分析。计量资料采用( x ¯ ±s )表示,重复测量计量资料的比较采用重复测量方差分析,两组间比较采用成组设计两样本t检验。计数资料以数量比(%)表示,组间差异通过卡方检验(χ2检验)或连续性校正卡方检验进行分析。所有统计分析均基于双侧检验,P < 0.05代表差异具有统计学意义。

3. 结果

3.1. 两组患者一般基线资料比较

基线资料比较显示,两组患者在年龄、性别、吸烟史、高血压、糖尿病、既往心肌梗死史、cTnT、FBG、LDL-C、ALT、SCr、LVEF等方面无显著差异(P > 0.05),见表1

Table 1. Comparison of baseline data between the two groups (mean ± standard deviation)

1. 两组患者一般基线资料比较( x ¯ ±s )

项目

DES组(n = 35)

DES + DCB组(n = 35)

t/χ2

P值

年龄(岁)

62.83 ± 7.10

63.40 ± 6.44

−0.352

0.726

男性[n (%)]

23 (65.7%)

22 (62.9%)

0.062

0.803

吸烟史[n (%)]

11 (31.4%)

10 (28.6%)

0.068

0.794

高血压病史[n (%)]

19 (54.3%)

18 (51.4%)

0.057

0.811

糖尿病病史[n (%)]

12 (34.3%)

13 (37.1%)

0.062

0.803

既往心肌梗死病史[n (%)]

5 (14.3%)

4 (11.4%)

0.128

0.721

肌钙蛋白T (ng/mL)

2.58 ± 0.76

2.51 ± 0.69

0.403

0.688

空腹血糖(mmol/L)

6.68 ± 0.79

6.73 ± 0.82

−0.260

0.796

低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L)

2.98 ± 0.41

3.02 ± 0.39

−0.418

0.677

丙氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L)

27.94 ± 4.15

28.42 ± 5.02

−0.436

0.664

肌酐(μmol/L)

71.85 ± 6.72

72.14 ± 6.91

−0.178

0.859

左室射血分数(%)

52.91 ± 3.71

52.49 ± 4.17

0.445

0.658

3.2. 两组手术特征比较

比较两组患者的冠脉病变情况,包括病变总数及其在各支血管的分布。通过卡方检验,分析发现两组在病变部位分布上无显著差异(χ2 = 0.401, P = 0.818),表明病变位置分布均衡,见表2

3.3. DES组和DES + DCB联合组患者的MLD与靶血管管腔狭窄率比较

与术前相比,两组患者在术后即刻及12个月时的MLD均较术前显著提升(P < 0.01)。且DES + DCB组在术后即刻和12个月的MLD显著高于DES组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。同时,术后即刻和12个月两组靶血管管腔狭窄率明显降低(P < 0.01),而DES + DCB组的靶血管管腔狭窄率低于DES组,差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见表3表4

Table 2. Comparison of surgical characteristics between the two groups

2. 两组患者手术特征比较

组别

病变数[处(%)]

左前降支[处(%)]

左旋支[处(%)]

右冠状动脉[处(%)]

DES组(n = 35)

42

11 (26.19%)

10 (23.81%)

21 (50.00%)

DES + DCB组(n = 35)

45

12 (26.67%)

11 (24.44%)

22 (48.89%)

统计值(χ2)

-

0.003

0.005

0.011

P值

-

0.960

0.945

0.918

Table 3. Comparison of MLD between the DES group and the DES + DCB group (mean ± standard deviation, mm)

3. DES组和DES + DCB组MLD比较( x ¯ ±s , mm)

组别

术前(mm)

术后即刻(mm)

术后12个月(mm)

DES组(n = 35)

0.85 ± 0.21

2.23 ± 0.45*

2.19 ± 0.48*

DES + DCB组(n = 35)

0.86 ± 0.22

2.60 ± 0.55*

2.51 ± 0.49*

t值

−0.19

−3.08

−2.76

P值

0.846

0.003

0.007

注:与术前比较,*P < 0.01。

Table 4. Comparison of target vessel lumen stenosis rate between the DES group and the DES + DCB group (mean ± standard deviation, %)

4. DES组和DES + DCB组靶血管管腔狭窄率比较( x ¯ ±s , %)

组别

术前(%)

术后即刻(%)

术后12个月(%)

DES组(n = 35)

80.45 ± 10.23

11.30 ± 2.91*

13.09 ± 3.04*

DES + DCB组(n = 35)

81.92 ± 9.54

9.85 ± 2.68*

11.63 ± 2.75*

t值

−0.62

2.17

2.11

P值

0.536

0.034

0.039

注:与术前比较,*P < 0.01。

3.4. DES组和DES + DCB组炎症指标比较

两组患者在术前及术后即刻的炎症指标相比,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。然而,在术后12个月的随访中,DES + DCB组的hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平均明显低于DES组(P < 0.01)。两组12个月后的炎症指标差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05),见表5

Table 5. Comparison of inflammatory markers between the DES group and the DES + DCB group (mean ± standard deviation)

5. DES组和DES + DCB组炎症指标比较( x ¯ ±s )

组别

hs-CRP (mg/mL)

IL-6 (pg/mL)

TNF-α (pg/mL)

术前

术后即刻

术后12月

术前

术后即刻

术后12个月

术前

术后即刻

术后12个月

DES组(n = 35)

8.95 ± 1.59

16.03 ± 2.72*

4.91 ± 0.74*

41.53 ± 3.79

116.45 ± 9.23*

21.62 ± 2.75*

117.32 ± 2.95

150.92 ± 4.55*

56.85 ± 2.10*

DES + DCB组(n = 35)

8.83 ± 1.43

15.76 ± 2.61*

4.37 ± 0.73*

42.24 ± 4.03

118.17 ± 9.48*

19.92 ± 3.10*

117.24 ± 3.12

152.38 ± 4.79*

54.87 ± 2.19*

t值

0.332

0.424

3.073

−0.759

−0.769

2.427

0.110

−1.307

3.861

P值

0.741

0.673

0.003

0.450

0.445

0.018

0.913

0.195

0.000

注:与术前比较,*P < 0.01。

3.5. DES组和DES + DCB组MACE比较

随访12个月,DES组MACE发生率(14.29%;其中心血管死亡1例、非致死性心肌梗死1例、卒中0例、再发心绞痛1例、支架内血栓形成2例)与DES + DCB组(11.43%;其中心血管死亡1例、非致死性心肌梗死1例、卒中0例、再发心绞痛1例、支架内血栓形成1例),两组间MACE发生率无显著差异(P > 0.05)。

4. 讨论

IDCD是复杂的DCAD类型,表现为广泛且不规则的动脉病变,通常伴有严重血管狭窄和血流受限,显著增加MACE风险。由于病变复杂,传统治疗如球囊扩张术或裸金属支架植入难以获得理想的长期通畅性,且易引发ISR及支架内血栓形成等并发症[15]。DES和DCB已成为PCI治疗的主要策略,均可减少再狭窄率并改善长期预后。然而,DES + DCB联合治疗在IDCD中的疗效及其对炎症反应的影响尚未系统研究。本研究通过70例IDCD患者临床观察,评估了DES联合DCB治疗的疗效及对炎症标志物的影响,为优化该治疗策略提供了临床依据。

本研究表明,DES联合DCB治疗在改善IDCD患者的血管通畅性方面具有显著优势。术后即刻及12个月随访时,DES + DCB组的MLD显著增加(P < 0.01),且始终显著高于单独DES组(P < 0.01),表明该联合策略在中短期随访血管重建方面的优越性。值得注意的是,靶血管的管腔狭窄率在术后即刻及12个月随访时均较术前显著降低(P < 0.01),其中DES + DCB组的狭窄率明显低于DES组(P < 0.05),进一步验证了联合治疗在改善远期血管重塑的效果,提示DCB预处理可能改善远期血管通畅性并远端血管狭窄复发的可能性。支架长度在支架内再狭窄发生中起关键作用,且其长度越长,风险越高[16] [17]。DCB通过高效、均匀地向血管壁递送药物发挥作用,联合DES可优化支架植入长度,降低对血管舒缩功能的负面影响。与Yang等的研究[15]一致,提示DCB策略在单独应用或者联合DES,能有效抑制新生内膜增生、促进支架植入段血管重塑,从而提高血管中短期通畅率。对于IDCD患者,该策略是一种有前景的治疗选择。此外,Pellegrini等[18]和许浩博等[10]的研究也提供证据表明,DES联合DCB治疗冠心病的临床效果优于单独使用DES,进一步支持了联合策略在临床中的应用价值。Chaddad等的荟萃揭示[19],针对IDCD患者,联合治疗策略可能优化治疗效果,为高ISR患者提供了更安全的替代方案,减少了ISR和晚期血栓形成的风险。

炎症反应在冠状动脉狭窄及ISR的发生发展过程中起关键作用。既往研究指出hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平的升高与PCI术后ISR密切相关[20] [21]。本研究发现,术前及术后即刻,两组患者的炎症指标hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),提示基线水平可比。然而,在术后12个月随访时,与DES组相比,DES + DCB组的hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著降低(P < 0.01),提示DCB预处理可能减少慢性炎症反应,改善血管修复,联合治疗可能通过更强的抗炎机制改善长期预后。TNF-α和IL-6通过促进平滑肌细胞增生加速动脉重塑,增加ISR风险[21] [22]。Meta分析指出[23] hs-CRP水平的升高是预测PCI术后MACE的风险因子。这些证据表明,DES + DCB联合治疗可能通过减少局部炎症反应,降低ISR发生率并改善远期血管功能。

DES + DCB组的MACE发生率和DES组差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。与许浩博等研究一致[10],DES联合DCB治疗不劣于DES组,尤其在高危患者中可能具有更好的中短期疗效[18]。此外,药物联合治疗可能通过抑制炎症反应改善局部血管功能,并在长期随访中表现出降低心血管事件发生率的趋势,进而提高冠心病患者的预后与生活质量[12] [21] [24]

5. 研究局限性

本研究仍存在一定局限性:本研究为单中心研究,且样本量较小,存在患者选择偏倚的可能性,还有待通过多中心大规模研究进一步验证;因随访时间12个月较短,长期疗效仍需进一步观察。未来的研究应增加样本量、延长随访周期,进行更全面的效果评估DES+DCB联合治疗的长期疗效和安全性。

6. 结论

DES联合DCB治疗可显著改善IDCD患者的血管通畅性,术后即刻及12个月随访时MLD显著增加,狭窄率降低(P < 0.05),提示DCB预处理有助于优化支架远端血管修复并减少再狭窄风险。该策略可降低hs-CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平,抑制PCI术后慢性炎症反应,安全性不劣于DES组,能促进血管重塑并维持长期通畅,为IDCD患者提供安全有效的治疗选择。

基金项目

贺州市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(2024023)。

NOTES

*共第一作者。

#通讯作者。

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