基于能量–气动耦合的旋翼无人机运输能力量化模型与验证

Quantitative Modeling and Validation of Rotorcraft UAV Transport Capacity Based on Energy-Aerodynamic Coupling

摘要: 本文提出以“运输量(D = ML)”作为旋翼无人机运输能力的综合量化指标，结合能量守恒与空气动力学原理，构建基于通用参数的运输量计算模型。通过分析无人机功率分配、螺旋桨尺寸、载重量、风阻等参数的耦合关系，推导出运输量的量化公式，并揭示载重量与运输距离的动态平衡机制。研究发现，运输量与无人机携带能量、螺旋桨尺寸正相关，与自重、迎风面积负相关；载重增加时运输距离非线性下降，且存在最高效载重量(M最效)使运输量最大化。通过验证，模型计算结果与实际数据一致，表明该模型可为无人机选型与设计优化提供理论支持。

Abstract: This study proposes “Transport Metric (D = ML)” as a comprehensive quantitative indicator for evaluating the transport capacity of rotorcraft UAVs. By integrating the principles of energy conservation and aerodynamics, we developed a generalized parameter-based computational model to quantify transport capacity. Through an analysis of the coupling relationships among parameters such as UAV power allocation, propeller size, payload mass, and aerodynamic drag, we derived a quantitative formula for the transport metric and revealed a dynamic equilibrium mechanism between payload and transport distance. Key findings include: Positive correlations between transport metric and UAV energy reserves or propeller size; Negative correlations with UAV self-weight and frontal wind-facing area; A nonlinear decline in transport distance with increased payload, identifying an optimal payload mass (M_opt) that maximizes transport metric. Validation experiments confirmed the model’s consistency with empirical data, demonstrating its utility in UAV selection and design optimization.