超精密关节轴承车间虚拟仿真系统研究

Research on Virtual Simulation System of Ultra-Precision Spherical Plain Bearing Workshop

摘要: 随着智能制造的发展，虚拟仿真技术为车间布局优化与生产调度提供了高效的可视化解决方案。本文以超精密关节轴承车间为研究对象，基于Unity3D引擎开发了一套集成调度和布局优化功能的虚拟仿真系统，融合了遗传算法、标准NSGA-II及其改进算法，能够基于实际车间运行数据实现动态调度与实时布局优化。系统采用“建模–算法–交互”三层架构：建模层通过SolidWorks构建精细化设备模型，并结合3ds Max进行轻量化处理；算法层集成SLP-GA混合布局优化模型和NSGA-II等优化算法，实现车间布局与生产调度的多目标优化；交互层利用UGUI和C#脚本开发功能模块，支持布局重构、生产过程仿真及场景漫游。通过车间实例验证，系统成功实现了调度方案的可视化验证与布局优化结果的三维展示，显著提升了车间物流效率与生产协同性。研究成果为离散制造车间的智能化升级提供了技术路径，兼具理论价值与实践意义。

Abstract: With the development of intelligent manufacturing, virtual simulation technology provides an efficient visual solution for workshop layout optimization and production scheduling. Taking the ultra-precision joint bearing workshop as the research object, this paper develops a virtual simulation system integrating scheduling and layout optimization functions based on the Unity3D engine. By integrating the genetic algorithm, the standard NSGA-II algorithm and its improved algorithms, the system is capable of achieving dynamic scheduling and real-time layout optimization based on the actual operation data of the workshop. The system adopts a three-layer architecture of “modeling - algorithm - interaction”: the modeling layer constructs refined equipment models through SolidWorks and conducts lightweight processing in combination with 3ds Max; the algorithm layer integrates the SLP-GA hybrid layout optimization model and optimization algorithms such as NSGA-II to realize multi-objective optimization of workshop layout and production scheduling; the interaction layer develops functional modules using UGUI and C# scripts, supporting layout reconstruction, production process simulation and scene roaming. Through the verification of workshop examples, the system successfully realizes the visual verification of the scheduling scheme and the three-dimensional display of the layout optimization results, significantly improving the workshop logistics efficiency and production synergy. The research results provide a technical path for the intelligent upgrading of discrete manufacturing workshops and possess both theoretical value and practical significance.