基于六种脊柱侧弯椎体节段的有限元建模方式对生物力学性能影响的研究

A Study on the Influence of Finite Element Modeling Methods Based on Six Vertebral Segments of Scoliosis on Biomechanical Properties

摘要: 青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, AIS)作为一种典型的三维脊柱畸形，其发病机制与生物力学特性密切相关，建立准确、高效的有限元模型对于推动保守治疗的个体化优化具有重要价值。目前，关于有限元建模方式对模拟效果影响的系统研究仍较为缺乏。本研究基于患者特异性CT影像数据，设计并构建了六种不同的有限元建模方案，分别在皮质骨单元类型(壳单元与实体单元)、椎间盘网格结构(四面体与六面体)及椎体建模精度方面进行组合与比较，全面评估了各方案在模型质量、计算效率以及生物力学响应预测(如椎体位移、应力分布)方面的表现差异。结果显示，尽管六种方案在整体位移趋势预测上均表现出良好一致性，部分方案在局部响应(如最大位移或应力集中区域)上仍存在显著差异。采用六面体网格可有效减少单元数量并缩短计算时间，实体单元对骨结构细节的刻画更为精细，而壳单元建模则在保证计算效率的同时，保持了可接受的自由度响应。该研究为AIS有限元建模流程的标准化与参数选择提供了系统的数据支持与优化建议。

Abstract: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a typical three-dimensional spinal deformity, and its biomechanical mechanisms are crucial for optimizing conservative treatment strategies. At present, systematic research on the influence of finite element modeling methods on simulation results is still relatively scarce. In this study, six distinct patient-specific finite element modeling schemes were developed based on CT imaging data, incorporating variations in cortical bone representation (shell vs. solid elements), intervertebral disc meshing (tetrahedral vs. hexahedral elements), and vertebral modeling precision. The performance of each scheme was comprehensively evaluated in terms of mesh quality, computational efficiency, and biomechanical response, including vertebral displacement and stress distribution. The results showed that all six schemes produced consistent predictions of overall displacement trends, while notable differences were observed in local biomechanical responses such as peak displacement and stress concentrations. Hexahedral meshing of intervertebral discs significantly reduced element counts and computation time without compromising model accuracy. Solid elements provided a more detailed representation of bony structures, whereas shell elements simplified the modeling process while maintaining acceptable degrees of freedom. This study provides systematic data support and optimization guidance for the selection and standardization of finite element modeling approaches in AIS research.