智障儿童就业培训的困境与对策——基于南京地区特殊教育机构的实证研究

Dilemma and Countermeasures of Employment Training for Intellectually Disabled Children—An Empirical Study Based on Special Education Institutions in Nanjing Area

摘要: 为了解南京市大龄智障儿童就业培训状况，采用问卷、访谈和观察等研究方法，对南京市多个特殊教育机构进行调研。研究发现，大龄智障儿童就业培训目前存在就业培训项目少且效率不高；就业培训资源配置不足、校企合作不畅；就业培训师资短缺、考核评估方式封闭；家长对智障儿童就业有一定期待但支持不足；就业机会少、社会支持不足等困境。在深入分析就业培训困境原因的基础上，提出强化资源配置，促进校企深度合作；更新课程门类，改革教学方法；加强师资队伍建设，规范考核评估体系；优化家校合作，转变家长观念；改变社会认知，营造良好就业氛围等建议。

Abstract: In order to understand the employment and training status of older intellectually disabled children in Nanjing, research methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and observations were used to investigate multiple special education institutions in Nanjing. Research has found that there are some dilemmas: currently few employment training programs and low efficiency for older intellectually disabled children; insufficient allocation of employment training resources and poor cooperation between schools and enterprises; shortage of employment training instructors and closed assessment methods; parents have certain expectations but insufficient support for the employment of intellectually disabled children; difficulties such as limited employment opportunities and insufficient social support. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the reasons for the difficulties in employment training, it is proposed to strengthen resource allocation and promote deep cooperation between schools and enterprises; update course categories and reform teaching methods; strengthen the construction of the teaching staff and standardize the assessment and evaluation system; optimize home school cooperation and transform parents’ attitudes; change social cognition and create a good employment atmosphere.