语言接触视角下汉语中的维吾尔语借词——以乌鲁木齐达坂城区为例

Uyghur Loanwords in Chinese from the Perspective of Language Contact—A Case Study of Daban City in Urumqi

摘要: 本文基于语言接触理论框架，结合社会语言学与语言类型学方法，对乌鲁木齐达坂城区汉语中的维吾尔语借词展开系统性研究。通过构建借词整合模式分析框架，结合田野调查数据与社会文化变量，探讨借词在语音适配、语义扩展及语用功能中的表现机制，揭示多语言接触背景下语言融合与文化互动的深层逻辑。研究表明，维吾尔语借词通过“语音汉化–语义衍生–功能分化”路径深度嵌入当地汉语方言，其存续与演变受社会网络、文化认同及语言政策的多重驱动。

Abstract: This paper systematically studies the Uyghur loanwords in the Chinese language of Daban District, Urumqi, based on the theoretical framework of language contact and combined with the methods of sociolinguistics and linguistic typology. By constructing an analytical framework for the integration model of loanwords and incorporating field survey data and sociocultural variables, it explores the performance mechanisms of loanwords in phonological adaptation, semantic extension, and pragmatic functions, revealing the deep logic of language integration and cultural interaction in the context of multilingual contact. The study shows that Uyghur loanwords are deeply embedded in the local Chinese dialect through the path of “phonological Sinicization-semantic derivation-functional differentiation”, and their survival and evolution is driven by multiple factors such as social networks, cultural identity, and language policies.