北京市长期护理保险试点实施困境及优化策略——基于问卷调查的实证分析

Implementation Dilemmas and Optimization Strategies of the Long Term Care Insurance Pilot in Beijing—An Empirical Analysis Based on Survey Data

摘要: 北京市作为中国首都，人口老龄化程度高于全国平均水平，其长期护理保险(LTCI)试点对全国政策推广具有重要参考价值。为揭示试点中的核心矛盾并提出优化路径，本研究结合政策文本分析与问卷调查数据，通过二元Logit模型与交叉分析发现：居民对长期护理保险的认知程度普遍较低，购买意愿受认知水平和政府推动力度的满意度显著影响；同时，制度设计中存在服务供给不足、筹资机制单一、宣传推广力度不足等问题。基于此，本文提出加大宣传力度、完善筹资机制、优化护理服务供给、推动政策法律支持体系建立等建议，以期为完善我国长期护理保险制度、提高老年人生活质量提供参考。

Abstract: As the capital of China, Beijing faces a higher level of population aging than the national average, making its long-term care insurance (LTCI) pilot program highly valuable for nationwide policy reference. To identify core issues and propose optimization paths, this study integrates policy document analysis with questionnaire data. Using a binary Logit model and cross-tabulation analysis, it finds that public awareness of LTCI is generally low, and willingness to enroll is significantly influenced by cognitive understanding and satisfaction with government efforts. Meanwhile, the system design reveals problems such as insufficient service supply, a single-source financing mechanism, and weak publicity efforts. Based on these findings, the paper suggests enhancing public communication, improving the financing system, optimizing care service provision, and strengthening legal and policy support mechanisms. These recommendations aim to provide insights for improving China’s LTCI system and enhancing the quality of life for the elderly.