黄酮及二氢黄酮的合成与结构表征化学综合实验设计

Design on Chemical Comprehensive Experiment of the Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Flavonoids and Dihydroflavonoids

摘要: 大学化学综合实验是提升学生创新实践能力的重要教学环节。以邻羟基苯乙酮与苯甲醛为原料，本文创新设计“黄酮及二氢黄酮的合成与结构表征”化学综合实验项目。该实验系统整合羟醛缩合、迈克尔加成和催化环化等经典有机反应机理，涵盖回流反应、固液分离、薄层色谱监测、柱色谱纯化及重结晶等基础操作单元，构建了完整的有机合成实验教学体系。在教学实施过程中，通过引导学生自主完成从原料处理到产物表征的全流程操作，依托现代分析技术平台，产物表征环节将熔点测定、红外光谱、核磁共振及质谱等波谱解析技术有机结合，构建“合成–表征–解析”三位一体的教学模式。实验结果表明，该教学设计不仅有效巩固了有机合成化学、仪器分析化学等核心课程的理论知识，而且显著提升了学生的科学思维能力和问题解决能力。

Abstract: The comprehensive university chemistry experiment serves as a crucial teaching component for enhancing students’ innovative practical abilities. Using o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde as raw materials, this study innovatively designs a chemical comprehensive experiment project titled “Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Flavones and Dihydroflavones”. This experiment systematically integrates classical organic reaction mechanisms, including aldol condensation, Michael addition, and catalytic cyclization, while encompassing fundamental operational units such as reflux reactions, solid-liquid separation, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) monitoring, column chromatographic purification, and recrystallization. This establishes a complete organic synthesis experimental teaching system. During instructional implementation, students are guided to independently complete full-process operations from raw material processing to product characterization. Leveraging modern analytical technology platforms, the product characterization phase organically combines spectral analysis techniques, including melting point determination, infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS), thereby constructing a trinity teaching model of “synthesis-characterization-analysis”. Experimental results demonstrate that this instructional design not only effectively reinforces theoretical knowledge from core courses such as organic synthetic chemistry and instrumental analytical chemistry, but also significantly enhances students’ scientific thinking abilities and problem-solving skills.