《民法典》框架下居住权制度的完善建议

Suggestions for Improving the Right of Residence System under the Framework of the “Civil Code”

摘要: 本文深入分析了中国《民法典》框架下的居住权制度，重点探讨了居住权的理论基础、法律适用范围及其实施中的主要问题。居住权作为一种保障公民基本居住需求的法律制度，尽管在《民法典》中得到明确规定，但其适用范围过于局限，未能覆盖低收入群体和无家可归者等社会弱势群体。此外，现有保障机制的不完善，导致居住权在实际应用中常常遭遇非法驱逐等侵权行为。文章通过比较大陆法系和英美法系国家的居住权保障经验，提出了拓宽居住权适用范围、强化法律保障机制、推动居住权与社会福利保障体系有效衔接的具体建议。优化居住权制度的法律框架，能够促进社会公平和稳定，保障更多社会群体的基本生活条件。

Abstract: This article conducts an in-depth analysis of the residence right system under the framework of China’s “Civil Code”, focusing on the theoretical basis, legal scope of application, and major implementation issues of residence rights. Although residence rights, as a legal system designed to safeguard citizens’ basic housing needs, are clearly stipulated in the Civil Code, their scope of application is too limited, failing to cover socially vulnerable groups such as low-income individuals and homeless people. Furthermore, due to inadequate existing safeguard mechanisms, residence rights often face violations such as illegal eviction in practical applications. By comparing the experiences of protecting residence rights in continental legal systems and common legal systems, the article proposes specific suggestions to broaden the scope of application of residence rights, strengthen legal safeguard mechanisms, and promote effective integration of residence rights with the social welfare and security system. Optimizing the legal framework of the residence right system can promote social equity and stability, ensuring basic living conditions for more social groups.