地铁乘坐舒适度评价研究

Research of Evaluation Model on Riding Comfort of Subway

摘要: 随着城市轨道交通的快速发展，乘客对地铁乘坐舒适度的要求日益提高，然而现有舒适度评价研究多侧重于列车运行物理指标的探索，忽视了乘客在心理和行为方面的需求。本研究旨在构建一个综合物理与心理双维度的地铁乘坐舒适度评价指标。基于文献分析和实地考察，本文设计了包含乘客基本信息、车厢设施布局及心理因素等方面的有关地铁乘坐舒适度调查问卷，并在乘坐北京地铁出行的乘客范围内进行了调查；然后通过因子分析，提取影响地铁乘坐舒适度的关键因素。研究结果表明，地铁乘坐舒适度受到车厢环境、智能设施视效、辅助站立设施、位置选择偏好、拥挤时移动倾向、自我感知等因素的共同影响。本研究提出的“物理–心理”双维度舒适度评价指标为地铁车厢设计和运营管理提供了支持和参考，具有重要的理论和现实意义。

Abstract: With the rapid development of urban rail transit, passengers’ demands for riding comfort of subway have been increasing. However, existing comfort evaluation studies have primarily focused on exploring the physical indicators of trains while neglecting passengers’ psychological needs. This research aims to construct a comprehensive subway riding comfort evaluation method that integrates both physical and psychological dimensions. We design a questionnaire on the riding comfort of subway covering carriage facilities, passengers’ basic information, and psychological factors, and conduct a survey in Beijing to obtain statistical conclusions. Next, we use factor analysis to extract key factors that affect the riding comfort of subway. The results show that passengers’ riding comfort is jointly influenced by factors including carriage environment, facility visibility, auxiliary standing facilities, location preference, movement tendency in crowds, and self-perception. The proposed physical-psychological dual-dimension comfort evaluation system provides support and reference for subway carriage design and management, which has significant theoretical and practical implications.