重庆市乡村地区义务教育资源禀赋差异及影响因素

Differences and Influencing Factors in the Resource Endowment of Compulsory Education in Rural Areas of Chongqing

摘要: 义务教育资源禀赋水平评估是推动教育均衡发展的重要基础，通过构建乡村地区义务教育资源禀赋评估方法，并采用热点分析、最优尺度回归模型和地理探测器方法深入解析空间差异及影响因素。结果表明：(1) 全市义务教育资源覆盖指数、可达性指数、环境限制指数及资源禀赋综合指数均呈现明显的“西高东低”趋势。(2) 义务教育资源禀赋热点、冷点区域分别占乡镇数量27.97%、23.75%，热点区域集中在经济基础、居民生活水平较好的主城都市区，冷点区域集中在大巴山、七曜山、武陵山等山区。(3) 义务教育资源禀赋受居民消费水平、乡村生境质量、城镇化水平、乡村交通便利程度影响较大，重要性系数分别为0.710、0.390、−0.241、0.146。(4) 全市范围和渝东南城镇群的居民消费水平解释力最强，主城都市区和渝东北城镇群的乡村生境质量解释力最强，两两因素组合均表现出非线性增强和双因子增强。研究成果可为乡村地区教育均衡发展政策制定提供方法和数据参考。

Abstract: The evaluation of the level of resource endowment in compulsory education is an important foundation for promoting balanced development of education. To clearly identify the differences in resource endowment and influencing factors of compulsory education in rural areas of Chongqing, we constructed an evaluation method and used the optimal scale regression model and geographic detector method to analyze its key influencing factors and factor interactions. The results show that: (1) The resource coverage index, reachability index, environmental restriction index, and comprehensive index of compulsory education’s resource endowment in Chongqing show an obvious trend of “high in the west and low in the east”. (2) The number of townships in the hot and cold spots of compulsory education’s resource endowment accounts for 27.97% and 23.75% of the total, respectively. The hot spots are concentrated in the main urban areas with good economic foundations and residents’ living standards, while the cold spots are concentrated in mountainous areas such as Daba Mountain, Qiyao Mountain, and Wuling Mountain. (3) The resource endowment of compulsory education is greatly influenced by residents’ consumption level, rural habitat quality, urbanization level, and rural transportation convenience, with importance coefficients of 0.710, 0.390, −0.241, and 0.146, respectively. (4) The explanatory power of residents’ consumption level within the scope of Chongqing city and the urban cluster in southeastern Chongqing is the strongest, and the explanatory power of rural habitat quality in the main urban area and the urban cluster in northeastern Chongqing is the strongest. In addition, both combinations of factors exhibit nonlinear enhancement and dual factor enhancement. The research results can provide methods and data references for the formulation of policies for the balanced development of education in rural areas.