养老型与育幼型随迁老人的代际支持比较研究

A Comparative Study of Intergenerational Support between Elderly Care-Oriented and Childcare-Oriented Relocating Older Adults

摘要: 随迁老人的代际支持问题已成为中国老龄化社会的重要议题，但既有研究较少关注其内部异质性。本研究采用质性研究方法，通过对8位养老型与育幼型随迁老人的深度访谈，运用Colaizzi现象学分析法，系统地比较了两类群体代际支持状况的异同。研究发现：经济支持层面，养老型偏向单向依赖子女供给；育幼型则呈现以劳代酬的双向交换模式。生活照料层面，养老型以自我照料为主，甚至反向照顾子女；育幼型照料模式表现为责任伦理主导下的代际互助与失衡共存。精神慰藉层面，两类老人均存在情感表达内敛与交流浅层化的特点，但育幼型通过跨代相处实现隐性情感补偿，养老型则依赖社区同辈网络。研究揭示了不同迁移动机下的随迁老人代际支持状况的异同，为引导家庭成员形成良性支持机制，完善差异化养老服务政策提供依据。

Abstract: The issue of intergenerational support for the relocated elderly has become an important topic in China’s aging society, but established studies have paid less attention to their internal heterogeneity. This study adopts a qualitative research method to systematically compare the similarities and differences in the intergenerational support status of the two groups through in-depth interviews with eight elderly and child-rearing relocated elders, and utilizes Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis. The study found that, at the level of economic support, the elderly group was more likely to rely on their children’s support, while the child-rearing group showed a two-way exchange pattern of labor instead of pay. At the level of life care, the old-age type mainly takes care of themselves and even takes care of their children in the opposite direction, while the child-raising type’s care model is characterized by intergenerational mutual support and imbalance under the ethic of responsibility. At the level of spiritual comfort, both types of elderly are characterized by introverted emotional expression and shallow communication, but the child-rearing type realizes implicit emotional compensation through intergenerational relationships, while the elderly type relies on community peer networks. The study reveals the similarities and differences in the intergenerational support status of the relocated elderly under different migration motives, and provides a basis for guiding family members to form a benign support mechanism and improve the differentiated elderly service policies.