内蒙古某三甲医院2024年临床用药不良反应分析

Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Hospital in Inner Mongolia in 2024

摘要: 目的：为了促进临床合理用药，本研究分析了某医院药品不良反应(ADR)的特征及其影响因素。方法：利用国家药品不良反应监测中心的数据，检索并回顾性分析了该医院2024年1月至12月期间的257份ADR报告，考察了患者的性别、年龄、严重程度、药物类型、给药途径、受累系统/器官、主要临床症状及相关性评价等因素。结果：在257份ADR报告中，性别比例为1:1.78；年龄在60至69岁之间的患者占ADR的21.6%；静脉滴注给药方式的发生率最高，共170例(55.74%)，其次为口服给药77例(25.25%)；抗感染药物报告数量最多，为91例(29.84%)，抗肿瘤及免疫调节药物共72例(23.61%)；受累系统/器官主要为皮肤及其附件(83例，占24.70%)和消化系统(71例，占21.13%)；相关性评价中，认为很可能有因果关系的为103例(40.08%)，而认为可能的有154例(59.92%)。结论：ADR的发生与患者年龄、药物种类及给药方式等多种因素相关。因此，建议医院在监测ADR方面加以加强，尤其是针对老年人、抗感染药物及静脉给药方式。

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to promote rational clinical medication use by analyzing the characteristics and influencing factors of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a specific hospital. Methods: Utilizing data from the National Center for ADR Monitoring, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 257 ADR reports from this hospital covering the period from January to December 2024. Factors examined included patient gender, age, severity, drug type, administration route, affected systems/organs, main clinical symptoms, and causality assessments. Results: Among the 257 ADR reports, the gender ratio was 1:1.78, with 21.6% of ADRs occurring in patients aged 60~69. The highest occurrence rate was associated with intravenous administration, accounting for 170 cases (55.74%), followed by oral administration with 77 cases (25.25%). Anti-infective drugs had the highest number of reports at 91 cases (29.84%), followed by antineoplastic and immunomodulatory drugs with 72 cases (23.61%). The most commonly affected systems/organs were the skin and its appendages, with 83 cases (24.70%), and the digestive system, with 71 cases (21.13%). Regarding causality assessments, 103 cases (40.08%) were considered very likely related, and 154 cases (59.92%) were deemed possibly related. Conclusion: The occurrence of ADRs is associated with various factors such as patient age, drug type, and administration route. Therefore, it is recommended that hospitals strengthen ADR monitoring, particularly for elderly patients, anti-infective drugs, and intravenous administration routes.