《大明一统志》评介

Review of “Da Ming Yi Tong Zhi”

摘要: 一统志，作为我国古代记载全国地理的综合性志书，源远流长，影响深远。主要有《大元大一统志》、《大明一统志》及《大清一统志》，其中《大元大一统志》不幸在历史长河中散失，未能流传至今。而《大明一统志》继往开来，成为我国古代极为关键的全国性地理总志。《大明一统志》以其内容之丰富、版本之多样，在我国地理总志的编纂史上占据着举足轻重的地位。其中，最为人熟知的版本有：天顺五年(1461年)的内府刊本、嘉靖年间的增修本以及万历年间万寿堂的刻本。这些版本各具特色，共同构筑了《大明一统志》的学术价值。学界普遍认为，《大明一统志》的主要史料基础为《寰宇通志》，同时，它也吸收了《舆地纪胜》、正史以及各地方志的精华。作为现存最早且最完整的“一统志”，《大明一统志》对于研究明代历史、地理、文化等方面具有不可估量的重要作用。

Abstract: Yi Tong Zhi, as a comprehensive record of national geography in ancient China, has a long history and far-reaching influence. There are mainly “Da Yuan Yi Tong Zhi”, “Da Ming Yi Tong Zhi” and “Da Qing Yi Tong Zhi”, of which “Da Yuan Yi Tong Zhi” was unfortunately lost in the long river of history and has not been handed down to the present day. And “Da Ming Yi Tong Zhi” has become the key national geographic general record in ancient China. With its rich content and various editions, “Da Ming Yi Tong Zhi” occupies a pivotal position in the compilation history of China’s geographic general records. Among them, the most familiar editions are: the Inner House of Tianshun in the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Tianshun (1461), the revised edition during the Jiajing period, and the engraved edition of Wanshoutang during the Wanli period. Each of these editions has its own characteristics, which together build up the academic value of “Da Ming Yi Tong Zhi”. It is widely recognized that the main historical source of “Da Ming Yi Tong Zhi” is “Huan Yu Tong Zhi”, while it also absorbed the essence of “Yu Di Ji Sheng”, the official history, and various local histories. As the earliest and most complete “Yi Tong Zhi” in existence, “Da Ming Yi Tong Zhi” is of inestimable importance to the study of the history, geography and culture of the Ming Dynasty.