基于多源雷达资料的六盘山地区冰雹过程特征分析

A Study on Hailstorm Characteristics in the Liupan Mountains Using Multi-Source Radar Observations

摘要: 本文利用常规探空资料、六盘山地区C波段与X波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达资料，对2024年7月22日一次六盘山地区对流单体冰雹过程进行分析。本研究发现，此次过程在蒙古冷涡东移、高原低值系统东移、台风与副热带高压相互作用的天气背景下，大气层结具有强不稳定度，0℃层高度以及−20℃层高度均十分有利于冰雹在雷暴单体中的维持和增长；C波段雷达和X波段雷达的反射率因子以及径向速度均表现出十分典型的超级单体雷暴回波特征，C波段与X波段雷达回波特征存在显著差异。在同一高度上程儿山X波段雷达的回波强度比固原C波段雷达的弱，也没有出现通常能用来确定冰雹的三体散射回波和旁瓣回波。

Abstract: This study analyzes a convective hailstorm event that occurred in the Liupan Mountains region on July 22, 2024, using conventional radiosonde data and dual-polarization Doppler weather radar data from both C-band and X-band systems in the area. This study found that this process was under the weather background of the eastward movement of the Mongolian cold vortex, the eastward movement of the plateau low-value system, and the interaction between the typhoon and the subtropical high pressure system, with the atmospheric stratification having strong instability. The heights of the 0˚C and −20˚C isotherms were highly conducive to the maintenance and development of hail within the thunderstorm cell. Both the C-band and X-band radars showed reflectivity and radial velocity signatures characteristic of a classic supercell thunderstorm. There were significant differences in the echo characteristics between the C-band and X-band radars. At the same altitude, the echo intensity of the Cheng’ershan X-band radar is weaker than that of the Guyuan C-band radar, and neither the triple-body scattering echo nor the sidelobe echo, which are usually used to determine hail, appear.