电商平台数据抓取行为的法律认定与困境

Legal Determination and Dilemma of Data Scraping Behavior on E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 数据在电商平台间的竞争价值日益凸显，部分经营者利用数据抓取技术获取别的电商平台上的大量数据。单纯从《个人信息保护法》视角进行法律规制难以保护电商平台经营者对于数据处理后的增值利益，同时对于初始数据过分保护也会导致数据作为生产要素在市场内难以流通，不利于相关产业的发展。此前的法院在处理数据抓取类案件中常用《反不正当竞争法》中的一般条款和互联网专条，然而条文内容的宽泛性使得在数据抓取行为的认定和裁判领域内，法官自由裁量权的范围不断外延。本文将在明确数据权益的法律属性和归属基础上，进而判断数据抓取行为正当与否，是否存在法律规制必要与可能，最终在裁判领域提出相关纠纷的裁判规则思考。

Abstract: The competitive value of data among e-commerce platforms is increasingly prominent. Some operators use data scraping technology to obtain a large amount of data from other e-commerce platforms. Regulating solely from the perspective of the Personal Information Protection Law is difficult to protect the value-added interests of e-commerce platform operators after data processing. At the same time, excessive protection of initial data will also make it difficult for data as a production factor to circulate in the market, which is not conducive to the development of related industries. Previously, courts often used the general provisions and internet-specific provisions of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law in handling data scraping cases. However, the broadness of the provisions has led to the continuous expansion of the judge’s discretionary power in the field of determining and adjudicating data scraping behaviors. This article will first clarify the legal attributes and ownership of data rights, and then determine whether data scraping behaviors are legitimate and whether there is a need and possibility for legal regulation. Finally, it will propose thoughts on the adjudication rules for related disputes in the field of adjudication.