“人工智能+”医疗服务管理中的侵权责任研究

Study on Tort Liability in the Management of “Artificial Intelligence +” Medical Services

摘要: 研究旨在解决人工智能应用于医疗服务管理时衍生的侵权责任认定困境，通过法律规范分析与医疗风险分类方法，提出系统性解决方案。研究首先确立人工智能的客体属性与辅助地位，针对医疗人工智能产品的内在技术风险，建议构建理性算法标准界定产品缺陷，要求开发者在可控范围内优化算法透明度，同步设立医疗器械缺陷专项鉴定机构，并引入无过错补偿机制平衡技术创新与患者权益保护。针对临床应用的外在操作风险，采用合理医生标准明确医务人员的再判断义务，通过诊疗行为合规性审查确保责任认定客观性。研究结果表明，通过构建双重风险应对框架，能有效厘清产品责任与诊疗损害的归责边界，建立兼顾技术发展、医疗安全与法律公平的治理范式，为人工智能医疗系统的规范化应用提供制度保障。

Abstract: The study aims to solve the dilemma of determining tort liability derived from the application of artificial intelligence in medical service management, and proposes a systematic solution through the analysis of legal norms and medical risk classification methods. The study first establishes the object attributes and auxiliary status of AI, and for the intrinsic technical risks of medical AI products, it suggests constructing rational algorithmic standards to define product defects, requiring developers to optimize algorithmic transparency within a controllable range, setting up a special appraisal agency for medical device defects, and introducing a no-fault compensation mechanism to balance technological innovation and the protection of patients’ rights and interests. For the external operational risk of clinical application, it is recommended to adopt the rational doctor standard to clarify the re-judgment obligation of medical personnel, and to ensure the objectivity of responsibility determination through the compliance review of diagnostic and therapeutic behaviors. The results of the study show that by constructing a dual-risk response framework, the boundaries between product liability and diagnostic and therapeutic damages can be effectively clarified, and a governance paradigm that takes into account the development of technology, medical safety, and legal fairness can be established, which provides a systematic guarantee for the standardization of the application of AI medical systems.