拉曼探针成像的研究进展

The Research Progress of Raman Probe Imaging

摘要: 拉曼探针检测系统通常是由激光器、将激光聚焦到样品上的透镜系统和测量散射光的检测器组成。拉曼检测是一种通过测量样品分子的散射光来分析样品成分的技术。目前表面增强拉曼光谱技术在基底材料设计、光学检测系统开发等方面都取得了长足进展，对拉曼信号起到了明显的增强作用，但在其研发过程中存在增强基底均匀性和重复性难以保证的问题。另外在生物监测应用中生物样本中的自发荧光(如蛋白质、核酸、代谢物)或探针自身荧光会掩盖微弱的拉曼信号，尤其在近紫外–可见光激发下更为显著，限制了拉曼探针在复杂生物体系中的应用。本文系统综述了拉曼探针成像的研究进展，重点分析表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)探针、有机聚合物拉曼探针、DNA自组装拉曼探针等类型的原理、性能及应用场景，讨论当前技术在基底均匀性、荧光干扰等方面的局限性，并展望新型材料设计、多模态成像等未来发展方向。

Abstract: Raman probe detection systems typically consist of a laser, a lens system for focusing the laser onto the sample, and a detector for measuring the scattered light. Raman detection is a technique that analyzes the composition of a sample by measuring the scattered light of sample molecules. At present, significant progress has been made in the design of substrate materials and the development of optical detection systems for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which has significantly enhanced Raman signals. However, during its research and development, there have been problems such as the difficulty of ensuring the uniformity and reproducibility of enhanced substrates. Additionally, in biological monitoring applications, autofluorescence from biological samples (such as proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites) or fluorescence from the probes themselves can obscure weak Raman signals, particularly under near-ultraviolet to visible light excitation, limiting the application of Raman probes in complex biological systems. Raman detection technology still has significant room for development in aspects such as the analysis of disease markers and the precision of surgical guidance, making further development and exploration in these areas worthwhile. This article systematically reviews the research progress of Raman probe imaging, focusing on the principles, performance, and application scenarios of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) probes, organic polymer Raman probes, DNA self-assembled Raman probes, and other types. It discusses the current technical limitations in substrate uniformity, fluorescence interference, and other aspects, as well as prospects for future development directions such as new material design and multimodal imaging.