顺应论视角下媒人话语的语用身份建构研究——以河南王婆为例

A Study on the Pragmatic Identity Construction of Matchmaker Discourse from the Perspective of Adaptation Theory—Taking Henan Aunt Wang as an Example

摘要: 语用身份是人们在特定交际场景下选择的特定身份，交际者在特定的情况下施为目标、调节或巩固人际关系等。基于语言顺应论，以河南王婆的媒人话语为语料来源，结合定性分析方法，从可变性和商讨性两个维度考察语用身份建构的运作机制，并分析其如何动态顺应具体交际情境。研究发现，王婆在说媒过程中灵活选择不同的语用身份，如“亲属身份”“中间人身份”或“专家身份”。通过语言策略的调整顺应交际双方的需求，从而有效推进说媒目标。身份的可变性使其能够适应不同语境，而商讨性则体现为话语互动中的动态调整，以平衡权力关系和人际距离。语用身份的选择与建构具有显著的动态顺应性，能够直接影响交际的成败。媒人通过身份的策略性转换，既实现了交际意图，又维系了人际关系。本研究为语用身份理论提供了实证支持，同时为话语分析和人际交际研究提供了新的观察视角。

Abstract: Pragmatic identity refers to the specific identity that individuals choose in particular communicative contexts, where speakers aim to achieve goals, regulate, or consolidate interpersonal relationships, among other purposes. Based on the Linguistic Adaptation Theory, this study examines the operational mechanisms of pragmatic identity construction from the dimensions of variability and negotiability, using the matchmaking discourse of Henan’s “Aunt Wang” as the corpus and employing qualitative analysis methods. The study analyzes how pragmatic identity dynamically adapts to specific communicative situations. The findings reveal that Aunt Wang flexibly selects different pragmatic identities (e.g., “kinship identity” “mediator identity” or “expert identity”) during the matchmaking process, adjusting her linguistic strategies to meet the needs of both parties and effectively advance her matchmaking goals. The variability of identity allows her to adapt to different contexts, while negotiability manifests as dynamic adjustments in discourse interaction to balance power relations and interpersonal distance. The selection and construction of pragmatic identity exhibit significant dynamic adaptability, directly influencing the success or failure of communication. Through strategic shifts in identity, the matchmaker not only achieves communicative intentions but also maintains interpersonal relationships. This study provides empirical support for pragmatic identity theory and offers new perspectives for discourse analysis and interpersonal communication research.