功能适应与异质保留的辩证重构——赖斯功能主义视域下许钧的翻译伦理实践

Dialectical Reconstruction of Functional Adaptation and Heterogeneous Retention—Xu Jun’s Translation Ethical Practice Model under Reiss’s Functionalist Perspective

摘要: 本文聚焦翻译伦理的辩证重构命题，以赖斯功能主义为理论视域，选取中国翻译家许钧的实践为研究对象。通过分析发现，许钧的翻译实践实现了“功能适应”与“异质保留”的辩证统一。本文运用德国功能主义翻译理论代表人物卡特琳娜·赖斯(Katharina Reiss)的翻译批评理论，对许钧的翻译文化观进行评述，发现其通过“功能适应”与“异质保留”的辩证统一，既遵循赖斯的功能对等原则(如《追忆似水年华》的句式重构)，又突破其文化适应性局限(如“诸圣节”直译加注)，从而在翻译伦理层面实现了对功能主义理论的批判性发展。本研究不仅为跨文化翻译中的权力关系分析提供了新视角，也为中国文学外译的策略选择提供了实践指导。许钧通过伦理补位、双向调适、主动建构三重突破，在翻译伦理层面实现对功能主义理论的批判性发展。

Abstract: Focusing on the proposition of dialectical reconstruction of translation ethics, this paper takes Reiss’s functionalism as the theoretical field of view and selects the practice of Chinese translator Xu Jun as the object of study. The analysis reveals that Xu Jun’s translation practice achieves a dialectical synthesis of “functional adaptation” and “heterogeneous retention”. This study employs the translation criticism theory of Katharina Reiss—a leading figure in German functionalist translation theory—to analyze Xu Jun’s cultural perspective on translation. It reveals that through the dialectical synthesis of “functional adaptation” and “heterogeneous retention”, Xu Jun not only adheres to Reiss’s principle of functional equivalence (e.g., syntactic restructuring in In Search of Lost Time), but also transcends the limitations of her cultural adaptation framework (e.g., literal translation with annotation for “Toussaint [All Saints’ Day]”). This constitutes a critical advancement of functionalist theory at the level of translation ethics. The research provides a novel perspective for analyzing power dynamics in cross-cultural translation while offering practical guidance for strategy selection in Chinese literature translation. Xu Jun achieves this critical development through three transformative breakthroughs: ethical complementation, two-way adjustment, and active construction.