电商平台信用评价制度的法律困境及完善路径研究

Research on the Legal Dilemma and Improvement Path of the Credit Evaluation System of E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 本文聚焦于电商平台信用评价制度在法治化进程中遭遇的困境及其完善路径。研究首先概述了电子商务的迅猛发展背景下，信用评价制度作为虚拟市场信任基石的重要性。然而，现行制度在实践中暴露出诸多问题，诸如虚假信用评价泛滥、平台内部权力寻租、法律规制滞后等，严重制约了制度效能的发挥，并扰乱了市场秩序。本文深入剖析了这些法治化困境的根源，指出立法缺失、纠纷救济机制不畅以及自律监管失效是核心症结。为破解这些难题，研究提出了一系列针对性的完善措施，包括推进专门立法以明确消费者评价权的法律地位，扩大虚假评价追责范围；优化“书证提出命令”制度，构建“平台–司法–行政”三级救济衔接机制；以及制定动态信用评价指标与算法规则，引入多元共治机制以强化外部监督。本文认为，唯有实现法律规制、技术治理与多元协同的深度融合，方能重构电商平台信用评价制度的治理根基，确保评价的真实性、市场的透明度与交易的公平性，从而为数字经济时代消费者权益的保护提供坚实的制度保障。

Abstract: This paper focuses on the predicaments encountered by the credit evaluation system of e-commerce platforms in the process of legalization and its improvement paths. The study first outlines the importance of the credit evaluation system as the cornerstone of trust in the virtual market under the background of the rapid development of e-commerce. However, the current system has exposed many problems in practice, such as the proliferation of false credit evaluations, power rent-seeking within platforms, and lagging legal regulations, which have seriously restricted the performance of the system’s effectiveness and disrupted the market order. This article deeply analyzes the root causes of these predicaments in the rule of law, pointing out that the lack of legislation, the unsmooth dispute relief mechanism and the failure of self-regulatory supervision are the core problems. To solve these problems, the research has proposed a series of targeted improvement measures, including promoting special legislation to clarify the legal status of consumers’ evaluation rights and expanding the scope of accountability for false evaluations; Optimize the system of “issuing orders for documentary evidence” and construct a three-level relief connection mechanism of “platform-judiciary-administration”; And formulate dynamic credit evaluation indicators and algorithm rules, and introduce a multi-party co-governance mechanism to strengthen external supervision. This article holds that only by achieving a deep integration of legal regulation, technical governance and multi-party collaboration can the governance foundation of the credit evaluation system for e-commerce platforms be reconstructed, ensuring the authenticity of the evaluation, the transparency of the market and the fairness of transactions, thereby providing a solid institutional guarantee for the protection of consumers’ rights and interests in the digital economy era.