视网膜中央静脉阻塞中视盘水肿与黄斑水肿的相关性及临床意义

Correlation and Clinical Significance of Optic Disc Edema and Macular Edema in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

摘要: 视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)是一种因视网膜中央静脉部分或完全阻塞而引发的视网膜血管性疾病，其主要特征为视网膜静脉扩张及视网膜出血。作为仅次于糖尿病视网膜病变的第二大类视网膜血管病，CRVO的全球年发病率约为0.4~1.6/1000，其中50岁以上人群占比超过80%。其主要危险因素包括系统性血管疾病、高凝血状态、青光眼以及吸烟等。CRVO患者眼底病变中，我们常观察到视盘水肿(ODE)这一体征，视盘水肿的严重程度与病情进展相关，而黄斑水肿是损害视功能的主要因素。研究显示二者存在关联性，视盘水肿程度加重可导致视力下降。尽管RVO生物标记物研究逐渐增加，但受限于长期随访数据缺失及标准化评估方法不足，视盘水肿能否作为CRVO生物标记物尚需验证。本研究旨在揭示视盘水肿与黄斑水肿的关系，并探讨视盘水肿作为CRVO生物标志物的潜在价值，为高危患者早期识别及个体化治疗提供依据。

Abstract: Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a retinal vascular disease caused by partial or complete blockage of the central retinal vein, characterized primarily by retinal venous dilation and retinal hemorrhage. As the second most common type of retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy, CRVO has an annual global incidence of approximately 0.4~1.6/1000, with individuals over 50 years old accounting for more than 80%. Its main risk factors include systemic vascular diseases, hypercoagulable states, glaucoma, and smoking. In fundus lesions of CRVO patients, optic disc edema (ODE) is a commonly observed sign, with the severity of ODE associated with the progression of the disease, while macular edema is the main factor impairing visual function. Studies have shown a correlation between the two, wherein increased ODE severity can lead to visual decline. Although research on RVO biomarkers is gradually increasing, the potential of ODE as a biomarker for CRVO remains to be validated due to the lack of long-term follow-up data and standardized evaluation methods. This study aims to reveal the relationship between ODE and macular edema and to explore the potential value of ODE as a biomarker for CRVO, providing a foundation for early identification and individualized treatment of high-risk patients.