水土保持重点工程典型小流域治理效益分析与评价——以竹山县太和小流域为例

Analysis and Evaluation of Benefits from Typical Small Watershed Management in Key Soil and Water Conservation Projects—A Case Study of Taihe Small Watershed in Zhushan County

摘要: 水土保持重点工程对改善生态环境、防治水土流失及推动区域可持续发展意义重大，科学评估其治理效益关乎生态文明建设全局。本研究以湖北竹山县太和小流域为例，基于2019~2023年治理前后数据，运用遥感解译手段，结合实地调查工作与统计分析方法，分析评估其水土流失、土地利用等多项指标。结果显示：水土流失面积减少161.89 hm² (降幅14.40%)，径流和土壤侵蚀量分别减少66,424 m³、875 t，林草覆盖度提高7.79%，农民收入和景区旅游人次提升显著。研究认为，太和小流域治理模式可为山区生态治理修复和乡村振兴方面提供示范参考，但建议加强后期管护和监测体系建设。

Abstract: Key soil and water conservation projects are of great significance for improving the ecological environment, preventing soil erosion, and promoting regional sustainable development. Scientific evaluation of their governance benefits is crucial to the overall landscape of ecological civilization construction. Taking the Taihe small watershed in Zhushan County, Hubei Province as a case, this study analyzed and evaluated multiple indicators including soil erosion and land use based on pre- and post-governance data (2019~2023), using remote sensing interpretation combined with field surveys and statistical analysis. The results show that: the area of soil erosion decreased by 161.89 hm² (a 14.40% reduction), total runoff and soil erosion decreased by 66,424 m³ and 875 t respectively, forest and grass coverage increased by 7.79%, and both farmers’ income and tourist visits to scenic areas significantly improved. The study concludes that the governance model of the Taihe small watershed can provide a demonstration reference for ecological governance, restoration, and rural revitalization in mountainous areas, while recommending strengthened post-governance management and monitoring system construction.