钻井液用环保型降滤失剂的研究与进展

Research and Progress of Environment Friendly Fluid Loss Additives for Drilling Fluids

摘要: 钻井液用降滤失剂能够有效防止钻井液进一步滤失、降低污染等，然而，其往往不易被生物分解，残留的反应单体或会对环境产生负面影响。随着环保理念的深入人心以及相关法规的日益严苛，钻井作业对钻井液性能的要求也日益提升，不仅需要其满足复杂地质条件下的作业需求，更要确保在整个作业过程中对环境的影响降至最低。在此背景下，环保型降滤失剂应运而生，并成为当前钻井液领域研究的重点与热点。本文系统介绍了淀粉类、腐殖酸类、纤维素类、木质素类及其他天然产物类降滤失剂的性质和作用机理。并在此基础上，针对当前钻井液降滤失剂的技术问题，提出钻井液用环保型降滤失剂的发展趋势，为“安全、环保、优质、高效”的油气钻探井提供技术支持。

Abstract: The fluid loss additive for drilling fluid can effectively prevent further fluid loss of the drilling fluid and reduce pollution, etc. However, it generally resists biodegradation, and the residual reactive monomers could pose environmental risks. With the increasing popularity of environmental protection concepts and the growing strictness of relevant regulations, the requirements for the performance of drilling fluids in drilling operations are also rising day by day. It is required not only to meet the operational needs under complex geological conditions but also to ensure that the impact on the environment during the entire operation process is minimized. Against this backdrop, environmentally friendly fluid loss additives have emerged as the times require and have become the focus and hotspot of current research in the field of drilling fluids. This paper systematically introduces the properties and action mechanisms of fluid loss additives such as starch-based, humic acid-based, cellulose-based, lignin-based, and other natural product-based ones. On this basis, aiming at the current technical problems of drilling fluid fluid loss additives, the development trends of environmentally friendly fluid loss additives for drilling fluids are put forward, providing technical support for “safe, environmentally friendly, high-quality, and efficient” oil and gas drilling operations.