从存理去欲看王阳明生态思想

Wang Yangming’s Ecological Thought from the Perspective of Keeping Reason and Removing Desire

摘要: 王阳明在其心学体系中建构了独特的伦理范式，将天理确立为道德形上学的终极依据，同时对人类感性欲求的合理性进行解构。这一思想集中体现于“存理去欲”的伦理实践命题，通过强调道德本体对经验性欲望的超越性统摄，天理不仅是宇宙自然法则的体现，也是人类行为的最高准则，具体表现为存中去偏、存公去私、存明去蔽、存善去恶四个方面。在王阳明看来，人与自然应处于一种和谐共生的关系之中，这种关系不仅是一种生存的需要，更是一种道德上的追求。与此同时，阳明在建构心性论体系时，从本体论维度阐释了主体与自然客体、经验欲望与道德本体之间的辩证统一关系。其思想不仅揭示出存在论意义上的“万物一体”整体性结构，更通过“天人同构”的理论范式，将人欲纳入天理的形上本体之中进行统合。王阳明的生态伦理思想提供了一个既实际又理想的生态伦理框架，通过个人修养与社会制度的改进，实现人与自然的和谐共生。

Abstract: Wang Yangming constructed a unique ethical paradigm in his system of teleology, establishing the Divine Principle as the ultimate basis for moral metaphysics while deconstructing the rationality of human sensual desires. This idea is concentrated in the ethical practice proposition of “keeping the reason and removing the desire”, which emphasizes the transcendental domination of the moral essence over the empirical desires, and that the Divine Principle is not only the embodiment of the natural laws of the universe, but also the supreme criterion of human behavior, which is specifically expressed in the four aspects of keeping the middle and removing the bias, keeping the public and removing the private, keeping the clear and removing the obscurity, and keeping the good and removing the evil. In Wang Yangming’s view, man and nature should be in a harmonious and symbiotic relationship, which is not only a need for survival, but also a moral pursuit. At the same time, when constructing the system of the theory of mind, Yangming explained the dialectical and unifying relationship between the subject and the natural object, as well as between empirical desire and moral essence from the ontological dimension. His thought not only reveals the holistic structure of “the oneness of all things” in the existential sense, but also integrates human desires into the formal ontology of the Divine Principle through the theoretical paradigm of “heaven and man are one and the same”. Wang Yangming’s eco-ethical thinking provides a practical and ideal eco-ethical framework to realize the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature through personal cultivation and improvement of the social system.