拉图尔技科学本体论探析

An Analysis of Latour’s Ontology of Technical Science

摘要: 拉图尔的技科学本体论以行动者网络理论为核心，打破了自然与社会、主体与客体之间的二元对立，主张科学事实是在人类与非人类行动者动态交织的网络中生成。拉图尔否定任何先验的实体分类，强调实在并不是独立于实践网络的先天存在，而是人类与非人类行动者通过联结共同建构的结果。人类与非人类行动者都被赋予对称的能动性，瓦解了人类中心化的认知传统。人类与非人类行动者通过转译与联结不断重塑科学的认知边界，不仅是科学活动的“工具”或“对象”，更是主动建构事实的参与者。

Abstract: Latour’s ontology of science and technology takes the actor-network theory as its core, breaking the binary opposition between nature and society, subject and object, and advocating that scientific facts are generated in the dynamic interwoven network of human and non-human actors. Latour denies any a priori classification of entities, emphasizing that reality is not an innate existence independent of the practical network, but rather the result of the joint construction of human and non-human actors through connection. Both human and non-human actors have been endowed with symmetrical agency, disintegrating the centralized cognitive tradition of humans. Human and non-human actors constantly reshape the cognitive boundaries of science through translation and connection. They are not only the “tools” or “objects” of scientific activities, but also the participants who actively construct facts.