NK细胞外泌体研究现状

Current Research Status of NK Cell-Derived Exosomes

摘要: 自然杀伤细胞(Natural Killer Cells, NK Cells)作为机体天然免疫的重要细胞，在抗病毒感染、抗肿瘤及免疫调节中发挥着关键作用。其作为先天免疫不可或缺的一部分，在事先不接触病原体的情况下即可完成杀伤，具有快速释放炎性细胞因子及杀死靶细胞的功能，同时其通过与其他免疫细胞的协同作用调节整个免疫过程。NK Cells不仅可直接杀伤受病毒感染的细胞和肿瘤细胞，还可通过分泌细胞因子调节免疫反应。除直接杀伤作用外，NK Cells来源外泌体(NK cell-derived exosomes, NDEs)所携带的大量生物活性物质在细胞间发挥作用。NDEs因其独特的生物学特性和潜在的医疗应用价值，成为生物医学领域的研究热点。本文将对NDEs的生物学特性、作用机制及研究前景等方面进行综述，以期为NDEs的研究提供参考。

Abstract: Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells), as pivotal components of the innate immune system, play a crucial role in antiviral infection, antitumor immunity, and immune regulation. As an indispensable part of innate immunity, NK Cells can execute cytotoxic functions without prior exposure to pathogens, rapidly releasing inflammatory cytokines and eliminating target cells. Additionally, they regulate the immune process through synergistic interactions with other immune cells. NK Cells not only directly kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells but also modulate immune responses by secreting cytokines. Beyond their direct cytotoxic effects, the bioactive substances carried by NK cell-derived exosomes (NDEs) exert intercellular functions. Due to their unique biological properties and potential medical applications, NDEs have become a focal point of research in the biomedical field. This review aims to summarize the biological characteristics, mechanisms of action, and research prospects of NDEs, providing a reference for future studies on NDEs.