农村电商增强农户生计韧性的机理及实践路径

Mechanisms and Practical Paths of Rural E-Commerce to Enhance Farmers’ Livelihood Resilience

摘要: 农民农村共同富裕是中国实现社会主义现代化和全体人们共同富裕的重点，但是面对全球经济波动和气候风险，农户呈现出生计脆弱特征。伴随数字乡村建设，农村电商成为赋能农户生计韧性提升的新动力，农村电商借助数字技术嵌入缓解农户的信息不对称问题，通过降低市场交易成本、重构传统农业交易体系、加速农户社会资本积累三重路径，提升农户遭遇冲击后的抵抗力、恢复力与创造力。文章并进一步提出持续推进数字乡村建设、加快农村电商人才培育、推行信息共享机制等实践路径，以破解农户资源约束与制度障碍，增强农户可持续生计能力。本文认为，推进农村电商发展不仅是农业产业发展和农户增收的方向，更是增强农户生计韧性、实现共同富裕的重要手段。

Abstract: The common prosperity of farmers and rural areas is a key focus for China in achieving socialist modernization and prosperity for all its people. However, in the face of global economic fluctuations and climate risks, rural households exhibit characteristics of livelihood vulnerability. With the construction of digital villages, rural e-commerce has emerged as a new force in empowering farmers’ livelihood resilience. By leveraging digital technologies, rural e-commerce addresses the information asymmetry faced by rural households and enhances their resilience to shocks, recovery capacity, and creativity through three pathways: reducing market transaction costs, restructuring the traditional agricultural trading system, and accelerating the accumulation of social capital among rural households. The article further proposes practical approaches such as continuously advancing the construction of digital villages, accelerating the training of rural e-commerce talents, and implementing information-sharing mechanisms. These measures aim to break through the resource constraints and institutional barriers faced by rural households and enhance their sustainable livelihood capabilities. This paper argues that promoting the development of rural e-commerce is not only the direction for agricultural industry development and increasing farmers' incomes, but also an important means to strengthen farmers’ livelihood resilience and achieve common prosperity.