艾灸的量效关系及作用机制的多学科研究进展

Multidisciplinary Research Progress on the Dose-Effect Relationship and Mechanism of Action of Moxibustion

摘要: 艾灸作为中国传统医学的重要组成部分，以其“艾所以疗疾”的独特疗效在临床中广泛应用。近年来，随着现代科学技术的发展，学者们通过文献研究、实验探索和临床实践，在艾灸作用机制的解析以及施灸标准化、定量化方面取得了显著进展。深入研究艾灸的作用机理并规范临床施灸用量，对提高临床疗效具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了中医学、物理学、化学等多学科近年来艾灸相关研究文献，发现学者们普遍关注艾灸的量效关系。研究表明，达到一定的灸量是产生疗效的关键，而施灸时间、施灸面积、艾炷大小及壮数等因素均对疗效产生影响。此外，目前的研究证实，艾灸的作用机制主要包括温热效应、红外热辐射效应以及艾烟的化学效应等多重作用。同时，本文归纳总结了艾灸的临床应用范围，发现其在治疗湿、寒、瘀等病理因素引起的慢性疾病和妇科疾病方面疗效尤为显著。这些研究成果为艾灸的进一步研究提供了重要的理论依据和思路借鉴。

Abstract: Moxibustion, as an important integral part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is widely used in clinical practice due to its unique therapeutic efficacy, encapsulated in the ancient saying, “Moxa is used to treat diseases”. In recent years, with the advancement of modern science and technology, scholars have made significant progress in elucidating the mechanisms of moxibustion and standardizing and quantifying its application through literature reviews, experimental studies, and clinical practices. In-depth research into the mechanisms of moxibustion and the standardization of clinical dosage is of great significance for improving clinical outcomes. This paper systematically reviews recent literature on moxibustion from multiple disciplines, including Chinese medicine, physics, and chemistry, revealing that scholars have focused extensively on the dose-effect relationship of moxibustion. Studies indicate that achieving a certain dosage of moxibustion is crucial for producing therapeutic effects, with factors such as treatment duration, application area, size of moxa cones, and the number of cones significantly influencing efficacy. Furthermore, current research confirms that the mechanisms of moxibustion primarily include thermal effects, infrared radiation effects, and chemical effects of moxa smoke. Additionally, this paper summarizes the clinical applications of moxibustion, highlighting its remarkable efficacy in treating chronic diseases and gynecological disorders caused by pathological factors such as dampness, cold, and stasis. These research findings provide a valuable theoretical foundation and insights for further studies on moxibustion.